25 Jan 2013

CONTIGENCY PLANS FOR TOUR LEADER


General Responses to Emergencies

In the event of a crisis (selected examples provided throughout this document), the plan may be initiated by the tour leader on the trip.

Emergency 1: Ill or Injured Student/Faculty

1. Tour leader will seek appropriate medical care from a qualified medical
    professional for the ill or injured participant. If the tour leader becomes ill
    or is injured a designated tour member (leader) will seek appropriate
    care for the ill/injured person. The tour member will then contact the
    travel agency.
2. The tour leader will notify the emergency contact of the ill or injured
    participant and apprise them of the situation.
3. Tour leaders may not leave ill or injured person in one city and continue
    with the trip. A contingency plan must be in place to plan for this
    potential situation.
4. In the event of a participant illness or injury,  the medical expenses are
    the responsibility of the participant his/herself and will be billed to the
    participant at a later date.

Emergency 2: Motor Vehicle Accidents

1. Call law enforcement (911) and obtain emergency medical care for
    any injuries.
2. Call travel agency to report the accident.
3. Secure the following information:
a. Names, addresses and phone numbers of all vehicle occupants
    and any injured people.
b. Location injured people are taken.
c. Name and address of vehicle owner and driver.
d. Vehicle license number and description, including make, model,
    color and any other pertinent information.
e. Names, addresses and phone numbers of all witnesses.
f. Name of the law enforcement agency and case number.
4. If possible, take pictures of the incident scene.
5. Do NOT make any statement about the accident except as may be
    required by law enforcement officials.
6. For any serious accident involving personal injury or death, call
    Ambassador

Emergency 3: Death of Tour Member

1. Death should be immediately reported to the Embassy, High
    Commission or Consulate. All deaths must be registered in the country
    where the person died. You will need to provide documents about you
    and the person who has died, including, for example, the full name,
    date of birth and passport number of the person who has died.
2. You'll need to register the death with the foreign civil authorities and
    obtain a full foreign death registration before you can apply for
    consular death registration
3. If the deceased passed away due to unnatural causes (murder, car
    accident, etc.), the local police and law officials will probably become
    involved in the matter and cause delays in transporting the remains.
    Local officials may need to issue a coroner’s report (that can take days
    or weeks to complete), and may not release the remains to next of kin
    until all procedures are completed.
4. Most airlines offer cargo service for transporting remains. Contact a
    travel agent or visit a specific airline’s Web site for quotes.
5. Comprehensive travel insurance, particularly plans that cover
    accidents, injuries or death can offset expensive fees and traveling
    costs to provide financial assistance in a difficult situation. 

Emergency 4: Participant Misconduct

1. All incidents will be documented.
2. Appropriate measures will be taken to address the misconduct.

Emergency 5: Student or Faculty Member is the Victim of a Crime: Theft, Assault, Rape, Harassment, etc.

1. For international trips, the tour leader should first contact the nearest
    Embassy or Consulate for advice and assistance.
2. Tour leader will contact local police officials to report the crime.
3. The tour leader will assist in obtaining necessary medical treatment or
    other assistance for the participant.
4. Tour leader will contact the participant’s emergency contact as
    authorized by the individual(s).
  
Emergency 6: Student or Faculty Member is Accused of a Crime: Theft, Assault, Rape, Harassment, etc.

1. In the event of a tour member being accused of a crime,
    he/she will be subject to the laws of the state or host country. The
    individual assumes full responsibility for any consequential action.
2. If consent is given, the tour leader may contact the participant’s    
    emergency contact.
3. For international trips, the tour leader should contact the Embassy or
    Consulate.

Emergency 7: An In-Country Situation that Causes Serious Concern
(such as a political upheaval or natural disaster)

1. The travel agency will contact tour leader for a preliminary
    assessment or the tour leader will contact the The Travel Agency for
    advice on a developing situation.
2. The Travel agency will contact the Ambassador to receive latest public
    announcements or travel warnings.
3. Tour leader will determine whether to implement an emergency
    evacuation plan.
4. The tour leader will take necessary action based on advice from Travel
    Agency. Tour Leader will discuss possible choices with Management.
    Decisions could involve evacuation, move to embassy compound,
    remaining on-site and maintaining a low profile, or quarantine on-site.
5. Based on decisions taken, The Travel Agency, in cooperation with tour
    leader and Ambassador, will disseminate information to appropriate
    parties. This may involve phone calls to parents/family, contact with
    media, etc.

Emergency 8: Disease Outbreak or Epidemic

1. Should there be a disease outbreak it is important that the tour leader
    have accurate health information. The tour leader needs to confirm
    any international health reports with official sources. These source
    include:
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/travel
b. The World Health Organization http://www.who.int
c. Pan – Flu www.pandemicflu.gov
2. In the event of a disease outbreak the tour leader should contact the
    travel agency for instructions about how to proceed.
3. If there would be a pandemic incident and governments decide to
    enact quarantine or close the borders. The tour leader and participants
    will take instruction from health officials in the country in which they are
    traveling.  This could mean delays in getting home.
4. It is recommended that all persons traveling abroad be up to date with
    their immunizations. This would include an annual seasonal flu shot.

CONTIGENCY PLAN - before you travel


How to Develop a Contingency Plan Before You Travel – apply these tips before you travel

Having a contingency plan helps you deal with unexpected problems when you are traveling. Some problems may include: 

• Unforeseen delays
• Weather
• Natural disasters
• Strikes
• Political/civil unrest
• Bankruptcy of airline, hotel etc.
• Power failure
• Other causes 


Knowing how to deal with these unexpected situations/emergencies helps ensure that your vacation is not ruined.

Preparing a plan:

• You have options.
• Your vacation is less likely to be ruined.
• You will feel safer and more in control of the situation.
• You can minimize additional costs.
• You may be able to minimize unnecessary delays. 

Not Preparing a Plan:

• Your safety may be at risk.
• Unnecessary delays
• Unnecessary expenses
• Some options may not be available to you. 

Tips for Safeguarding for Your Vacation 

• Purchase travel insurance – obtain a refund for all/part of your vacation expenses.
• Be aware of alternate transportation options: airports, train stations, rental cars, buses etc.
• Have access to a safe/secure place to stay. 
• Have access to cash; keep some local currency and American dollars.
• Stay away from crowds, demonstrations, riots etc.
• Ship some of your belonging home if necessary; only keep the bare essentials so that you can travel quickly and comfortably if necessary.
• Register with your country’s embassy when you are traveling internationally.
• Contact your family, workplace etc. as soon as possible to inform them of your travel delay. 

PENGURUSAN BAGASI DI LAPANGAN TERBANG


 Checked baggage
Cabin
Weight
First Class
40 kg (88 lbs)
Golden Club/Business Class
30 kg (66 lbs)
Economy Class
20 kg (44 lbs)
Infants (on 10% tickets)
·      One bag with maximum dimensions of 45 inches (115 cm), which may be carried as cabin baggage, and
·     One fully collapsible baby pushchair or stroller or carrying basket
The weight of the allowed items may not exceed 10 kg (22 lbs) in total.


Cabin
Maximum weight/piece
Maximum outside linear dimension
First & Business Class
32 kg (70 lbs)
158 cm (62 inches)
each piece
Economy Class
23 kg (50 lbs)
269 cm (107 inches)
for 2 pieces
Infants (on 10% tickets)
·      One bag with maximum dimensions of 45 inches (115 cm), which may be carried as cabin baggage, and
·     One fully collapsible baby pushchair or stroller or carrying basket
The weight of the allowed items may not exceed 10 kg (22 lbs) in total.

    Malaysia Airlines may refuse acceptance if deemed necessary.
    item and/or its contents are sufficiently protected to endure ordinary handling.

Region
Fee per kg
Travel within West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia)
MYR 10/kg
Travel within East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak)
MYR 10/kg
Travel between West Malaysia and East Malaysia
MYR 15/kg
International flights
(Weight System)
·      Varies according to the destination or sector you are travelling to.
·      The charge is 1.5% of the highest normal direct one-way Economy Class (in local currency) for each kilogram in excess of the free allowance.

Exceptions:
1% from Austria, Bulgaria, Israel; from Australia, New Zealand (except 1.5% from Australia, New Zealand to South West Pacific); from Europe, Middle East to Australia, New Zealand.

1.35% within Europe (except 1% from Austria, Bulgaria, Finland).
International flights
(Piece System)
·      For Economy Class, baggage weighing over 23 kg (50 lbs) and up to 32 kg (70 lbs), passengers will be charged USD25/CAD25 per piece for the first 2 pieces.
·      When a passenger has an excess of the two (2) pieces allowed free baggage allowance within limitations (in dimension and weight for class of travel) the charge is 100% or single charge of published rate.

The amount of checked baggage that you can take with you free of charge is determined according to either the number of pieces or the weight. The ‘allow’ box on your paper ticket indicates which of these concepts apply to your baggage allowance. On your e-ticket, this is indicated in the ‘baggage’ box.
Weight system (All destinations except to and from Americas)
The table below states the maximum weight of the checked baggage that you can take with you free of charge.
A charge at the appropriate journey rate per kilogram will apply for any baggage carried in excess of the free baggage allowance as above.
Piece system (To and from North and South Americas)
For passengers travelling to and from North Americas and South Americas, baggage allowance will be based on the piece system. Each passenger is allowed to check in two pieces of baggage regardless of class of travel.
Baggage in excess of the checked baggage allowance is charged per piece. Contact your local Malaysia Airlines Office for details on charges.
Restrictions to weight of single piece of checked baggage on all Malaysia Airlines services
To comply with Global Health and Safety regulations for baggage handlers, Malaysia Airlines has imposed a strict ruling to ensure that each single piece of item or baggage that is checked in DOES NOT exceed 32 kg (70 lbs).
Irrespective of class of travel, any single piece of baggage weighing more than 32 kg (70 lbs) will not be accepted at check-in counters at any station. Customers will be required to reduce the weight by repacking the baggage into smaller units before they are allowed to check in. This regulation equally applies to transit baggage. 
We recommend that items exceeding 32 kg (70 lbs) such as bulky musical instruments, sports equipment, as well as photo and film camera equipment should be sent through MASkargo, our cargo service.
Customers can still check-in their bulky musical instruments, sports equipment, photo and film camera equipment as checked baggage but the items must be properly packaged in protective bags or wrap and subject to applicable overweight and oversize baggage charge. Acceptance depends on the capacity of the (various) aircraft operating on the passenger’s routing. If the baggage cannot be accommodated on one of the aircraft, it cannot be accepted for the whole route.
a. For some types of special baggage advance reservations should be made. 
b. If accepted, the passenger must pack the baggage in such a way that the 
c. Limited liability may apply for checked-in special baggage.
Excess value declarations
You may declare a value for your checked baggage in excess of the applicable liability limit. If you make such a declaration, you must pay additional charges in accordance with our regulations. Malaysia Airlines will not accept liability for valuables, fragile or perishable articles including money, jewellery, cameras, video and electronics equipment, silverware, negotiable instruments, business documents, samples, antiques, paintings, furs, manuscripts or similar items, computers and medication.
Excess baggage charges fee
Region
Fee per kg
Travel within West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia)
MYR 10/kg
Travel within East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak)
MYR 10/kg
Travel between West Malaysia and East Malaysia
MYR 15/kg
International flights
(Weight System)
·       Varies according to the destination or sector you are travelling to.
·      The charge is 1.5% of the highest normal direct one-way Economy Class (in local currency) for each kilogram in excess of the free allowance.

Exceptions:
1% from Austria, Bulgaria, Israel; from Australia, New Zealand (except 1.5% from Australia, New Zealand to South West Pacific); from Europe, Middle East to Australia, New Zealand.

1.35% within Europe (except 1% from Austria, Bulgaria, Finland).
International flights
(Piece System)
·     For Economy Class, baggage weighing over 23 kg (50 lbs) and up to 32 kg (70 lbs), passengers will be charged USD25/CAD25 per piece for the first 2 pieces.
·      When a passenger has an excess of the two (2) pieces allowed free baggage allowance within limitations (in dimension and weight for class of travel) the charge is 100% or single charge of published rate.

HOTEL GLOSSARY OF TERMS

American Plan (AP)
A type of room rate which includes the price of the room, breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Also known as full pension.
Apartment Hotel
Accommodation in apartment-style units rather than rooms: with minimum or expanded in-suite cooking facilities. Defined by legislation for licensing and classification purposes.
Available Rooms (suites, beds)
The number of rooms normally available on a day to day basis, LESS those permanently used for some purpose other than guest occupancy.
Average Daily Rate (ADR)
The total room revenue for a given period (day, month to date, month, year to date), divided by the number of rooms occupied for the same period. Frequently used as a measure of economic performance.
Bed and Breakfast (B&B)
A type of room rate which includes the price of the room and breakfast. Also known as Continental Plan.
Boutique Hotel
Historical, classic buildings, remodeled into boutique hotels with usually have less than 30 rooms.
Complimentary Room
An occupied guest room for which no price is charged. This may include a room occupied by a hotel employee.
Condominium Hotels
Customers purchase fee-simple equity in the units - the hotel's guestrooms. Unit owners may live in the hotels permanently or use them as second and third homes. Depending on the hotel's policy, unit owners may rent their units independently or through the management company's rental program and derive income through a revenue-sharing arrangement. Unit owners also incur budgeted maintenance and operating expenses. Depending on the management company, unit owners have varying degrees of access to their hotel's amenities and services.
Credit Card Commissions
A fee paid to credit card companies based upon a contracted percentage of credit card charges accepted.
Destination Clubs
The newest entrant to lodging, this niche most closely resembles country clubs in ownership structure. While developers of destination clubs expect to branch out into other price segments, for now this niche targets the most affluent of travelers. Customers pay initiation fees that can run as high as $500,000 and annual dues running as high as $25,000. In return, customers get to stay for weeks at a time in multi-million dollar residences and villas in prime urban and resort locations and enjoy a full range of amenities and services.

Facilities
Core physical features: accommodation, restaurants, bars, and meeting rooms.
Frequent Independent Traveler (FIT)
Designation which applies to visitors who arrive on their own as opposed to being a part of an organized group.
Franchise
The right to market a service and/or product often exclusive for a specified area, as granted by the manufacturer, developer or distributor in return for a fee: prevalent in the fast food industry but increasingly adopted within the hotel community.
Front Office
An office usually situated in the lobby, always located inside the main entrance, whose primary function is to control the sale of guest rooms, provide keys, mail, information service for guests, maintain guest accounts, render bills, receive payments as well as providing information to other departments within the hotel.
Guest Account
An itemized record of a guest's charges and credits, which is maintained in the front office until departure. Also referred to as a guest bill, guest folio, and/or guest statement.
Guest Amenities
Not to be confused with "amenities", this is the term given to the range of disposable items provided in guest room bathrooms and includes such items as shampoo, lotion, conditioner, soap, toothpaste, toothbrush, shower caps, etc… The cost of these items are built into room rate.
Guest Check (Restaurant)
The invoice presented to restaurant and bar patrons for food and beverage consumed during a visit. Also referred to as a waiter's check or restaurant check.
Guest History
A record maintained for each guest who has stayed at the hotel with a separate entry for each visit and details of pertinent preferences. This is a valuable reference tool for reservations, marketing, and credit departments. Guest histories are now more readily available through the increased utilization of computers and technology.
Guest House
A personal residence with a small amount of overnight accommodation sometimes limited by legislation and residence constraints. Typically provides breakfast which is included within the room rate but no other meals. Not licensed to provide alcoholic beverages commercially.
Guest Service Directory
A documented listing of all of the features of a hotel together with general and pertinent information about the community within which the property is located. Directories are usually provided within each guest room.

High (Peak) Season / Shoulder Season
The period of consecutive months during which optimum revenues, room/suite occupancy and average room rates are generated. In the Rajasthan this is generally October through March.
Hotel
Minimum number of available rooms, services, and amenities, usually defined by legislation for licensing and classification purposes as well as eligibility for fiscal incentives in some jurisdictions. May provide food and beverage services on site but not always within the accommodation building(s): usually by in-house staff but occasionally through an outside food and beverage contractor. May or may not provide a range of recreation and other amenities on site or by arrangement with others off site. Includes motor hotel, resort hotel or resort, and commercial hotel.
Hotel Representative
An individual or firm with the responsibility to facilitate market accessibility to the hotel property by the travel trade.
Ingress and Egress
Ingress/Egress relates to the Civil Authority coverage part of the Business Income/EE forms. If one is unable to enter or exit by direction of civil authority.
Innkeepers Statutes
Statutes that limit the common law liability of innkeepers.
Intelligent Hotels
Hotels that are identified because they have state of the art technology systems for their operations. These hotels have replaced the traditional systems to reduce their energy cost and usually have integrated systems which join analog and digital systems to achieve an effective communication in their hotels. The return on investment is reflected in the energy-cost savings and the comfort they provide to their guests.
Limited Service Hotels
Brand hotels with franchise memberships of recognized hotels, built within limited areas without a restaurant. These hotels are located near business areas such as industrial parks, cities, and airport terminals.
Loss of Attraction
"Loss of Attraction" falls under the Business Income and Extra Expense coverage form although coverage is rarely included as it is hard to prove. For example, if a fire occurred at a hotel in Las Vegas, there may be other hotels in the surrounding area that will have lost income as a result of the reduction in tourism. For those hotels that have not suffered direct damage to the property, Business Income claims would fall under “Loss of Attraction.”  Loss of Attraction coverage is not common and can be difficult to identify the loss resulting from a disaster and that which could have resulted from poor management or other uninsured factors.
Physical damage to insured property is the primary trigger for business interruption claims; however, additional triggers of coverage outside of physical damage include acts of civil authority, ingress/egress, contingent business interruption and loss of attraction.
Low (off-peak) Season
The consecutive months during which the lowest revenues, room/suite occupancy and average room rates are generated. In the Rajasthan this is generally April to September.
Mini Bar
A specially designed small floor mounted refrigerator containing a variety of beverages and snacks located in guest rooms, with individual guest room key access. This amenity serves as a more credible and profitable substitute for room service.
M.O.D.
Manager On Duty.
Motel
Overnight accommodation originally targeted to automobile travelers and therefore, situated at roadside locations. A more contemporary definition would be the provision of accommodation only, with no other amenities and services provided by the motel.
Occupancy (Occ. %)  (Occ Rate)
The percentage of available rooms occupied for a given period of consecutive time. This figure is calculated by dividing the number of rooms occupied for a period by the number of rooms available for the same period and is expressed as a percentage.
Overbooking
A situation in which more room reservations have been taken by a hotel than what the hotel is able to accommodate. Hotels that use overbooking as a policy are increasingly being targeted by tour wholesalers and operators in an attempt to better control and minimize the serious adverse marketing effects which overbooking has for all stakeholders.
Package
The name given to an assembly of components under a one price system. Typically, the core package price would include: return transportation, ground transfers, baggage handling, accommodation, one or more meals per day, and applicable taxes. Car rentals, recreation and entertainment and gratuities may also be included, but are more often supplementary to the core package price.
Rack Rate
The full, undiscounted published room rate (price).
Registration Card (Reg. Card)
A form on which arriving guests record their names, addresses, and other details including mode of transportation used, nationality, purpose of visit (usually business or pleasure), method of payment, and length of stay. A space is also provided for signature, room rate and room number. Additional questions may be included as a part of the hotel's market research platform.
Resort Hotels & Spas
A hotel that caters primarily to vacationers and tourist and typically offers more recreational amenities and services, in a more aesthetically pleasing setting, than other hotels. These hotels are located in attractive and natural tourism destinations and their clientele are groups and couples that like adventure with sophistication and comfort. The attractions vary depending on the region and some might offer golf, tennis, scuba diving and, depending on the natural surrounding, may also arrange other recreational activities.
Revenue Per Available Room (REVPAR)
Revpar is the key measure in the performance of the core business of hotels-selling rooms. Revenue per available room (revpar) is the key indicator of performance for hotels and can be broken down into two parts reflecting occupancy and rates:
               Revpar = occupancy (percentage of available rooms occupied) × average room rate per night.
Trends in revpar are very important. Revpar can be used to compare companies but only if they have broadly similar hotels - i.e. similarly priced in similar locations. This is less unlikely than it may seem as most hotels companies give regional breakdowns of revpar and this can be compared.
Room Block
A predetermined number of rooms reserved in advance for group (conference, tour) use.

Ameri
Roo
A
Roo

Room Service
Food and beverage delivered and served in a guest room.

Safety Deposit Boxes
Individual boxes provided for the safekeeping of guest valuables. Located either in a central, secure, and supervised location or in individual guest rooms.

Shoulder Season
The period between peak and low season.

Star Ratings:-

    Five Star Hotel
    Luxury hotels; most expensive hotels/resorts in the world; numerous extras to enhance the quality of the client's stay (for example: some have private golf courses and even a small private airport).

    Four Star Hotel
    First class hotels; expensive (by middle-class standards); has all of the previously mentioned services; has many "luxury" services (for example: massages or a health spa).

    Three Star Hotel
    Middle class hotels; moderately priced; has daily maid service, room service, and may have dry-cleaning, Internet access, and a swimming pool.

    Two Star Hotel
    Budget hotels; slightly more expensive; usually has maid service daily. 

    One Star Hotel
    Low budget hotels; inexpensive; may not have maid service or room service.

    No Category Hotels
    These hotels include motels, cottages, bungalows and others with limited services. Nevertheless, these hotels represent 41% of the total hotel market share. 

Timeshare (Vacation Ownership)
A marketing and equity financing concept which permits participants to enjoy vacation accommodation for a fixed, one time amount for life, or shorter contracted period. According to the American Resort Development Association (ARDA), timeshare consumers make a one-time purchase of furnished resort accommodations, at a fraction of whole ownership costs, and pay an annual maintenance fee. Each condominium, or unit, of a vacation ownership resort is divided into intervals, either by the week or points equivalent, which are sold separately.
The accommodations are priced according to a variety of factors, including size of the unit, resort amenities, location, and season. The purchaser owns the vacation accommodations, but only for the amount of time he or she plans to use it - typically one or two weeks each year. With time-share, the owner has all the benefits of a vacation home without the year-round costs. From its origin, the idea behind time-sharing was to give people the ability to purchase their future vacation - at current prices.
Fractionals are a variation of timeshare in which the purchaser owns longer intervals, from four to 12 weeks a year. Costs of fractionals are significantly higher, ranging to more than $600,000. Major branded hotel companies participate in fractional timeshare, though not to the extent of independent operators.

Tour Operator
An organization or individual who actively manages and escorts tours and tour packages to FIT and group visitors.
Traditional Lodging
Guests pay nightly rates for single rooms or suites and have full access to the hotels' range of amenities and services. Rates begin at "rack," but vary widely, based on time of week and season and nearby events and attractions.
Transfer
This refers to the transportation of visitors between their point of arrival and selected hotel, and back again on departure day.
Wake Up call
A call made by front office, usually by telephone, to a guest room at the time requested by a room guest to be wakened.
Walk In Guest
Who checks-in without an advance reservation.
Walked Guests
When a hotel is overbooked and a guest room is not available for a confirmed guest, the hotel has “walk the guest” to a nearby hotel.  This usually includes paying for transportation to the hotel and covering any difference in the room rate at the hotel the guest was “walked” to.

ALA CARTE MENU:
A food and beverage menu in which each item is listed and priced separately.
ACCESS AISLE:
An aisle that is a necessary part of an accessible parking space. The aisle allows disabled individuals with a device, such as a wheelchair, to enter and exit vehicles and travel to the sidewalk or building entrance. See Accessible Parking Space.
ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACE:
A parking space, specially designed for disabled persons, that meets or exceeds the requirements of the people with Disabilities Act. It should have a minimum width of 13 feet (4 meters)--8 feet (2.4 meters) for the vehicle and 5 feet (1.5 meters) for an access aisle.
ACCESSIBLE ROUTE:
A route that connects the accessible parking area to an accessible entrance of the building the parking lot serves. An accessible route should be a minimum of 36 inches (91 centimeters) wide and have no abrupt surface transitions (from sidewalks to streets, for example) or obstructions that would present hazards to a visually impaired person.
ACOUSTICS:
Sound absorption or sound reflection quality of certain materials, usually in ceilings, walls, or floors. 
ACRYLIC:
Synthetic material used in making fabric and molded transparent fixtures or surfaces. 
ACTIVATED CARBON:
A form of carbon capable of absorbing odors and vapors. It is used in various filter systems. 
ACTUAL BEVERAGE COST PERCENTAGE:
Net beverage cost divided by total bar sales. 
AD VALOREM TAX:
A tax based on the assessed value of the asset itself, usually a fixed percentage of the value. 
ADDITIVE:
Anything added to a product that is not strictly necessary for making the product, but which facilitates the production or enhances certain qualities considered desirable by the producer. For example, brewers use additives to produce a more stable and softer foam, greater clarity, and other qualities. 
ADJOINING ROOMS:
Guestrooms located side by side without a connecting door between them. 

ADJUNCTS:
Natural products--most often grain products such as rice, corn, and wheat flakes--added to malted barley before fermentation. Soybean flakes, potato starch, and even sugar are sometimes used as adjuncts. 
AEROBIC ORGANISM:
A microorganism that requires free oxygen to reproduce. 
AEROBIC SPOILAGE:
Spoilage of meat tissue in an oxygen environment. Bacteria are responsible for the greatest amount of aerobic meat spoilage. 
AESTHETIC BALANCE:
In meal planning, a pleasing combination obtained by making use of the colors, textures, and flavors of foods.  AFFILIATE RESERVATION SYSTEM:
A hotel chain's reservation system in which all participating properties are contractually related. Each property is represented in the computer system database and is required to provide room availability data to the reservation center on a timely basis. 
AFFILIATED HOTEL:
A hotel that is a member of a chain, franchise, or referral system. Membership provides special advantages, particularly a national reservation system. 
AFFIRMATIVE PHILOSOPHY:
The philosophy that assumes that business has a responsibility to serve society. 
AFLATOXIN:
A poisonous mycotoxin produced by the mold Aspergillus flavus, which is found worldwide and grows on nuts, corn, wheat, and other grains. Aflatoxin may be found in finished products like bread and peanut butter. Ingestion of aflatoxin usually only causes low-grade fever in humans, but it can produce cancer in trout, rats, and ducks and has been linked to some cases of liver cancer in humans. 
AGING:
A process in the production of alcoholic beverages in which spirits and wines are stored in casks or barrels after fermentation, but before bottling. Its purpose is to improve quality by allowing further chemical reaction to occur with a small amount of air. 
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome):
Incurable disease caused by a retro-virus that can be transmitted through blood or semen. 
AIR CHANGE:
Ventilation rate in terms of room or building volume. Usually expressed as air changes per hour. 
AIR HANDLING UNIT:
An all-air HVAC system consisting of coils (through which steam/hot water or chilled water is circulated from central boilers and chillers), filters, fresh air intakes, exhaust air discharges, and sometimes humidification equipment. 
AIRLINE-RELATED GUESTS:
Airplane crew members and passengers who need emergency accommodations. 
AIRPORT HOTEL:
A hotel located near a public airport. Although airport hotels vary widely in size and service levels, they are generally full-service and are more likely than other hotels to have in-room movies, computerized property management systems, and call accounting systems. 
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE MENU:
A menu that lists cocktails, wines, and other alcoholic beverages an operation offers to guests. Alcoholic beverages can be listed on a separate menu or included on the regular menu. Restaurants with a large selection of wines may have a separate wine list. Many beverage menus also include no- or low-alcohol drinks. 
ALE:
A brew that is top-fermented at high temperatures and contains more hops than do most beers, resulting in a characteristic bitter taste. 
ALL-EXPENSE TOUR:
A tour offering all or most services--transportation, lodging, meals, sight-seeing, and so on--for a pre-established price. The terms "all-expense" and "all-inclusive" are much misused. Virtually no tour rate covers everything. The terms and conditions of a tour contract should specify exactly what is covered. 
ALLOCENTRIC:
A term used to describe a person who is more adventurous and willing to travel to exotic destinations, and who travels more frequently and by more modern or unusual forms of transportation. Allocentric travelers are apt to spend more money than psychocentric travelers. Compare Psychocentric. 
ALL-SUITE HOTEL:
A hotel that features suites. A suite is an accommodation larger than the typical hotel room, with a living space separate from the bedroom. A suite can also have a kitchenette or whirlpool. 
ALT:
A brew much like British ale, named from the German word meaning "old," indicating it is made by the ancient method of top-fermenting. 
ALTERNATE OPERATOR SERVICE (AOS):
A long-distance telephone operator-service provider that supplies its own operator but leases a network from an other common carrier (OCC), such as MCI or US Sprint. 
ALTERNATIVE TOURISM:
Smaller scale tourism in terms of the number of tourists and the dimensions of tourism development. Sometimes called responsible or green tourism. 
AMBIANCE:
(1) A feeling about or an identity for an establishment created by the combination of decor, lighting, furnishings, and other factors.
(2) Applied to environments, a feeling or mood associated with a particular place, person, or thing; an atmosphere. 
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE:
The surrounding inside air temperature, usually considered ideal for human comfort at 65° to 75°F (18° to 24°C). 
AMBIENT LIGHTING:
Lighting that provides atmosphere and holds together varied elements of the decor. 
AMENITY:
Service or item offered to guests or placed in guestrooms for the comfort and convenience of guests, and at no extra cost. Examples are various guest services (such as in-room entertainment systems, automatic check-out, free parking, concierge services, and multilingual staff) in addition to an array of personal bathroom items offered by most hotels and motels. Amenities are designed to increase a hotel's appeal, enhance a guest's stay, and encourage guests to return. 
AMERICAN HOTEL & MOTEL ASSOCIATION (AH&MA):
A federation of state and regional hotel associations that offers benefits and services to hospitality properties and suppliers. AH&MA reviews proposed legislation affecting hotels, sponsors seminars and group study programs, conducts research, and publishes Lodging magazine. The Educational Institute of AH&MA is the world's largest developer of hospitality industry training materials, including textbooks, videotapes, seminars, courses, and software. 
AMERICAN PLAN:
A room rate that includes three meals. 
ANTENNA UNIT:
Part of a system that supports the use of hand-held server terminals. Antenna units relay signals from hand-held terminals to a radio base station. 
APERITIF WINE:
A wine that is traditionally served before a meal as an appetizer or cocktail. Aperitif wines are often fortified and herb-flavored. Vermouth, for instance, is both fortified and flavored with herbal ingredients. 
APPELLATION CONTRôLÉE:
Literally, "name controlled." A wine with this designation on the label belongs to the highest classification of French wines and is strictly regulated by an agency of the French government. 
AQUAVIT (Akvavit):
Smooth, light, dry, clear liquor with the flavor of caraway; like Kummell, but much drier. National beverage of the Scandinavian countries. A dill-flavored aquavit is also available. 
AQUIFER:
Water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel located beneath the earth's surface. See also Groundwater. 
ARMAGNAC:
A great grape brandy of France, probably second only to Cognac. Armagnac is produced in a legally delineated region in southwest France. It is dry, less delicate, and less ethereal than Cognac, but compensates with a fuller body. 
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT:
Light other than sunlight. 
ASEPTIC CANNING:
A process used for food products that are particularly sensitive to heat; it involves the separate sterilization of containers (using hydrogen peroxide) and contents, and uses more heat for substantially shorter periods of time than conventional canning. Once sterilized, the contents are placed into the containers and hermetically sealed in a sterile environment. This process conserves nutrients, color, taste, odor, and texture but is relatively expensive. 
ATRIUM:
A guestroom floor configuration in which rooms are laid out off a single-loaded corridor encircling a multistory lobby space; also the multistory lobby space, usually with a skylight. 
AUTODIAL/AUTO-ANSWER:
In electronic communications, a feature of sophisticated modems that enables a user to place a call to a pre-specified phone number at an exact time, or set up the modem in a ready state to receive incoming calls. 
AUTOLYSIS:
The chemical breakdown of food products caused by substances (primarily enzymes) within the food. 
AUTOMATIC FORM NUMBER READER (AFNR):
A feature of a guest check printer that facilitates order entry procedures; instead of a server manually inputting a guest check's serial number to access the account, a bar code imprinted on the guest check presents the check's serial number in a machine-readable format. 
AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF OUTWARD DIALING:
A feature of a call accounting system that immediately identifies the extension from which an outgoing call is placed. 
AUTOMATIC ROOM/RATE ASSIGNMENT:
Computerized assignment made through algorithms based on parameters specified by hotel management officials. Rooms may be selected according to predetermined floor zones (similar to the way in which guests are seated in a dining room), or according to an index of room usage and depreciation. 
AUTOMATIC ROUTE SELECTION:
A feature of a call accounting system that provides the capability of connecting with a variety of common carriers. 
AUTOMATIC SLIP FEED (ASF):
A feature of a guest check printer that prevents overprinting of items and amounts on guest checks. 
AUTOMATIC SPELL CHECK:
A computer program that helps users proofread documents by automatically checking for spelling errors. The words in the document are electronically compared with entries in the spell checker's dictionary. When a word which appears in the document does not appear in the program's dictionary, it is generally highlighted on the display screen so the operator can correct it. 
AUTOMATIC/COMPUTERIZED BAR SYSTEM:
Beverage dispensing system that improves portion control, inventory control, and quality control, as well as the accuracy of guest checks and the adherence to standard recipes. 
AUXILIARY HEAT:
A secondary supply of heat provided by a standby heating system or fuel supply when the primary heating system or fuel supply cannot supply heat (or adequate heat). 
AVERAGE OCCUPANCY:
A ratio that shows rooms sold over a fixed period of time as a percentage of total available rooms in a property over the same period of time. 
AVERAGE OCCUPANCY PER ROOM:
A ratio that shows the average number of paid guests for each room sold. Calculated by dividing number of paid room guests by number of rooms sold. Measures management's ability to use the lodging facilities. 
AVERAGE ROOM RATE:
A ratio that indicates average room rate, and to what extent rooms are being up-sold or discounted; calculated by dividing rooms revenue by number of rooms sold. Also called average daily rate or ADR.
ADSL: Short for asymmetric digital subscriber line. A compression technology that
allows voice, data and one-way, full-motion video to be delivered at a speed of 1.5
Mbps over existing copper feeder, distribution and subscriber lines.
Affiliate Program: A network of businesses placing banners or links on each other’s
Web sites promoting each other’s brands and products. Customers are referred to
one another in exchange for a sales commission.
Auction: A web site that facilitates transactions among consumers based on the
highest bid.
Authentication: The process of identifying a person usually based on username and
password. Authentication ensures a person is who they claim to be, but says nothing
of the access rights of the individual.
Authorization: The process of giving individuals access based on their identity.
B2B: Short for business-to-business e-commerce.
B2C: Short for business-to-consumer e-commerce.
Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time.
Banner Advertisement: The “click here” message you see at the top of Web pages
that tempts customers into visiting web sites.
Banner Exchange Network: A network of web sites placing banner advertisements
on each other’s sites.
Bricks-and-Mortar (B&M): A physical store.
Brochureware: A web site with information about a company and its products or
services.
Browser: The software you need to travel the Internet.
C2C: Short for consumer-to-consumer e-business, the use of auctions to allow
consumers to bid on products.
Chargeback: A credit card purchase is cancelled by the cardholder. In e-commerce,
cardholders can chargeback a purchase if they did not sign the sales draft and have
a complaint with the product. Cardholders can chargeback any Internet purchase
for up to 180 days from the date of purchase.
Clickthrough: The act of a potential customer clicking on a banner advertisement to
reach the marketer’s site.
Clicks-and-Mortar (C&M): The integration between a virtual store (clicks) and a
physical store (mortar).
Connectivity: The idea of a fusion of computing and communications.
Convergence: The coming together of two distinct technologies.
Cookie: A unique identifier sent to your computer by a web server and stored on
your hard disk.
Data Mining: The process of taking raw information that your customers have
provided and turning it into information that can assist in sale segmentation,
product customization, and/or customer.
Digital Certificate: An attachment to an electronic message used for security
purposes. The most common use of a digital certificate is to verify that a user
sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide the receiver with
the means to encode a reply.
Disintermediation: Removing the middleman. The term describes Internet-based
businesses that use the World Wide Web to sell products directly to customers
rather than going through traditional retail channels. By eliminating the
middleman, companies can sell their products cheaper and faster.
Domain Name: A web site’s address on the Internet.
DSL: Short for digital subscriber lines. The use of sophisticated modulation schemes
to pack data onto copper wires. DSL offers speeds up to 32 Mbps for downstream
traffic, and between 32 Kbps to 1 Mbps for upstream traffic.
E-business: Short for electronic business, conducting business on the Internet.
E-commerce: Short for electronic commerce. Incorporating all elements of
commerce online including sales, inventory management, and human resources.
Encryption: the translation of data into secret code. Encryption is the most effective
way to achieve data security. To read an encrypted file, you must have access to a
secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it.
FAQ: Short for frequently asked questions. A FAQ is a document that answers
questions about some technical topic.
Hosting Company: Companies providing the dedicated high-speed communications
line, support staff, equipment, and software. By outsourcing the technical
operations of e-commerce sites, businesses can jump online quicker and cheaper..
Internet Service Provider (ISP): A company that provides access to the Internet. For a
monthly fee, the service provider gives you a software package, username,
password and access phone number. Equipped with a modem, you can then log on
to the Internet and browse the World Wide Web and USENET, and send and receive
e-mail.
FAMILIARIZATION (FAM) TOUR:
A reduced-rate, often complimentary,trip or tour offered to travel agents, wholesalers, incentive travelplanners, travel writers, broadcasters, or photographers to promote ahotel or a destination. 
FAMILY LIFE CYCLE:
A series of stagesused to distinguish between types of travelers; variables used todetermine family life cycle stages are age, marital status, andpresence and ages of children. 
FAMILY RATE:
A special room rate for parents and children occupying one guestroom. 
FAMILY-STYLE SERVICE:
Atable service style in which food is placed on large platters or inlarge bowls which are taken to the tables by servers. Guests pass thefood around their table and serve themselves. 
FAST-FOOD SERVICE:
Thesingle largest segment of the food service industry; composed ofcommercial establishments that offer drive-through and/or counterservice to customers. 
FERMENTATION:
A step, prior todistillation, during which a mash consisting of crushed grain, grapes,sugar cane, or other plant product and water is injected with yeasts.The yeasts convert the product into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxidegas. The gas drifts off, and the remaining mixture contains a fairlylow level of alcohol, which can be extracted and concentrated throughdistillation. Distilled beverage alcohol can be derived from any plantor plant product containing either fermentable sugars or starch thatcan be converted to such sugars. 
FERMENTED IN THE BOTTLE:
Thedesignation appearing on a bottle of champagne or sparkling wine whenthe transfer process is used; that is, the second fermentation takesplace "in the bottle" as the label says, but the sparkling wine is thentransferred to a vat under pressure for settling, clarifying, andfining, and then returned under pressure to the original bottles.Compare Fermented in this Bottle. 
FERMENTED IN THIS BOTTLE:
Thedesignation appearing on a bottle of champagne or sparkling wine whenthe traditional champagne method is used; that is, the re-fermentationtakes place in the bottle in which the champagne or sparkling wine issold. Compare Fermented in the Bottle. 
FINISH:
A liquid appliedto floors that dries to a protective coating and enhances theappearance of the floor. Finishes come in wax-based or polymer types. 
FINISHED PRODUCT CATERING DELIVERY:
Home delivery catering services. 
FLIGHT-TYPE DISHWASHER:
Adishwashing machine in which dishes are placed on a conveyor made ofpegs or bars and are moved through several washing and rinsingchambers. 
FLOOR PERSON:
Casino employee who supervises dealers and is trained to resolve disputes and watch for cheaters. 
FLUSH:
Stepin the laundry wash cycle that dissolves and dilutes water-solublesoils to reduce the soil load for the upcoming suds step. Items aregenerally flushed at medium temperatures and high water levels. 
FLYCRUISING:
A travel trend in which tourists fly to a destination to begin a cruise, generally as part of a travel package.  
FLYING FOOD SHOW:
Aprocedure for delivering cooked menu items to guests as soon as thefood is ready. The first server to arrive at the pickup point deliversthe menu items that are ready for service; can only be implemented iforder tickets show which guest at which table is to receive each order.
FOLIO:
The guest's bill that all hotel and incidental charges are posted to. 
FOOD AND BEVERAGE DIVISION:
Thedivision in a hospitality organization that is responsible forpreparing and serving food and beverages within the organization orproperty. Also includes catering and room service. 
FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANAGER:
A person who plans, directs, organizes, and controls all phases of the food and beverage departments of an establishment.
FOOD DEHYDRATION:
Adry food preservation method, thought to be the oldest; effectivebecause it reduces the aw of food and thus inhibits microbial activity.Four types are sun drying, mechanical drying, freeze-drying, and dryingduring smoking.
FOOD INFECTION:
A type of foodborne illnesscaused by bacteria or viruses in food that are consumed with the foodand later reproduce inside the body. With food infection, it is thegerms themselves--not the toxins they produce--that cause the illness.Compare Food Poisoning. 
FOOD POISONING:
Illness that occurswhen germs get into food and produce toxic waste products. With foodpoisoning, it is the toxin--not the germs themselves--that produces theillness. Compare Food Infection. 
FOREIGN INDEPENDENT TOUR (FIT):
Atour created for individuals or families who walk into a travel agencyand tell an agent what country or area they would like to visit andwhat they would like to see and do there. 
FORTIFIED WINE:
Wineto which alcohol is added, usually during fermentation, resulting in awine with a minimum of 15% and maximum of 24% alcohol by volume.
FREE POUR:
A beverage system in which the bartender simply pours an unmeasured amount into a glass. 
FREEZER:
A reach-in or walk-in food storage unit that maintains a temperature of 0°F (-18°C) or less. 
FRENCH SERVICE:
Anelegant, complex type of dining service in which entrées are preparedat tableside by service employees. Used only in gourmet,high-check-average dining operations. Also known as tableside or cartservice. 
FRONT BAR:
A place
(a) where guests may sit down and order and consume beverages and
(b)that serves as a work space for the bartender. The front bar is dividedinto two functional areas: the backbar (the back wall, for storage anddisplay) and the underbar (the bartender's main working area). CompareService Bar. 
FRONT DESK:
The focal point of activity within thehotel, usually prominently located in the hotel lobby. Guests areregistered, assigned rooms, and checked out at the front desk. 
FRONT DESK AGENT:
Ahotel employee whose responsibilities center on the registrationprocess, but also typically include preregistration activities, roomstatus coordination, and mail, message, and information requests. 
FRONT OF THE HOUSE:
Thefunctional areas of a hotel or restaurant in which employees haveextensive guest contact, such as the front desk (in hotels) and thedining room(s). 
FRONT OFFICE:
A hotel's command post forprocessing reservations, registering guests, settling guest accounts,and checking guests in and out. 
FULL BOTTLE:
A wine bottle thatusually contains approximately 25 ounces (750 ml), which couldadequately serve three to four persons, but is not too much for twopeople over the course of a full meal. 
FULL BOTTLE SLIP:
Acontrol tool used in maintaining bar par. When a full bottle isordered, management or the point-of-sale system issues a full bottleslip to the bartender to exchange for the full bottle. To requisitionthese bottles (since there is no empty), the bartender attaches thefull bottle slips to the daily bar requisition form. 
FULL-MENU RESTAURANT:
A restaurant that
(a) has more than a dozen or so main-course items on the menu, and
(b) cooks to order. 
FULL-SERVICE AGENCY:
A travel agency that handles all types of travel for consumers. 
FULL-SERVICE HOTEL:
Ahotel with a full range of servives service and amenities which mayinclude some or all; onsite restaurant and lounge, meeting facility,pool, fiteness center, business center, etc. CompareEconomy/Limited-Service Hotel. 
GARNISH:
(1) Decorative edible items used to ornament or enhance the eye appeal of another food item.
(2) To add such a decorative item to food. 
GENERAL MANAGER:
The chief operating officer of a hotel or a restaurant.
GENERIC WINE:
A blend of wines that resembles a particular wine of an already established region; a California "Burgundy," for instance.
GIN:
Acompounded spirit (the basic product flavored by juniper berries)usually classified as dry or heavy; dry gins are light in flavor andbody, while heavy gins are heavily flavored and full-bodied.
GINGER-FLAVORED BRANDY:
Neutral brandy with the true flavor and aroma of ginger root and other aromatics. Light brown in color.
GIN-HEAD:
In the distillation of spirits, a device at the top of the still through which the alcohol vapors are passed to pick up flavor.
GLASS RAIL:
An area on which a bartender or server can set glasses while pouring drinks.
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (GDS):
Anetwork of internet reservation systems that provide a central placewhere travelers and travel agents can check availability and reservetravel related products like hotels, airline, car rentals, cruises,rail. Formed and managed by the airline industry and includes systemlike Sabre, Apollo, Amedaus, Pegasus.
GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRIT:
Acolorless, odorless, and tasteless distilled spirit made from a grainmash; it is produced by continuous distillation until it reaches 190proof. During distillation a number of harsh congeners are removed. 
GRAND TOUR, THE:
Anextended trip across the European continent that served as part of theeducation of young British aristocrats. A typical tour began in Englandand had the major cultural cities of Italy as its destination. In itsearly years, a tour could last as long as 40 months. By the end of theGrand Tour era, the age of the traveler had increased, and the lengthof the tour decreased; individuals traveled more for pleasure than foran extended educational tour. The Grand Tour era lasted from about 1500to 1820.
GRAPPA:
Brandy distilled from the pulpy residue--thegrape pomace--of the wine press. In France, this brandy is called Marc(Eau de Vie de Marc).
GRAY WATER:
Reused or recycled water. It isrelatively clean wastewater, such as that produced from certain laundrycycles and effluent from wastewater treatment systems, that can be usedto supply needs for landscape water and other non-potable uses.
GRENADINE:
Bright red flavoring syrup blending the tastes of pomegranate, strawberry, and raspberry.
GRIDDLE:
A cooking appliance with a one-piece polished steel, chrome-plated, or cast-iron plate heated by burners underneath it.
GRIND PLAYER:
A gambler who wagers a relatively small amount of money and does not gamble regularly.
GROUP PICK-UP :
The guestrooms that are actually rented by a group that are help in a Group Reservation. 
GROUP RESERVATIONS:
Ablock of multiple guestrooms that are being held under an indivual orbusiness' name at a particular hotel for a specific date or range ofdates. Generally used for conventions, conferences, meetings,receptions, weddings, etc. 
GUEST COMMENT CARD:
Shortquestionnaires that lodging properties and food service establishmentsask their guests to fill out. Guest comments are used by the propertyto define current markets and to improve the operation.
GUEST HISTORY CARD:
A record of the guest's visits including rooms assigned, rates, special needs, and credit rating.
GUEST HISTORY FILE:
A file containing guest history cards. It is maintained for marketing purposes and is referred to for return visits.
GUEST INFORMATION SERVICES:
Automatedinformation devices in public hotel areas that enable guests to obtaininformation about in-house events and local activities.
GUEST LEDGER:
Atype of ledger that consists of individual records (called folios) ofthe hotel's registered guests. The guest ledger provides current statuson guest charges and payments; the front office is responsible forsummarizing these transactions during the guest's stay. A guest ledgermay also be referred to as a front office ledger, transient ledger, orroom ledger.
GUEST MIX:
The variety and percentage distributionof hotel guests-- individual, group, business, leisure, and so on--whostay at a hotel or patronize a restaurant.
GUEST PROFILE:
A listof the characteristics that a property's guests have in common. Theguest profile helps management to identify which market segments theproperty appeals to and which segments the property wants to attract.
GUEST RELATIONS:
The establishment of personal rapport and goodwill with guests through service and attention to individual guest
needs.In a narrower sense, the promotion of in-house products and services,the entertainment of VIPs, and the handling of socialfunctions--especially in a resort hotel.
GUARANTEED RESERVATIONS :
Areservation that is guaranteed by the guest to be paid even if theguest fails to arrive. Often this guarantee is made by a company orwith a credit card.
GUEST SERVICE MANAGER (GSM):
Manager of the guest services depatment.
GUEST SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE (GSR):
Employees who provide check-in check-out, mail, key, message, and information services for guests.
GUEST SURVEY:
Aquestionnaire completed by guests and used by managers to definecurrent markets and to improve the operation. Managers may talk withguests through the survey or leave the questionnaires with them to fillout. Questionnaires may be long, and some questions may requiredetailed answers.
GUESTROOM CONTROL BOOK:
A book used to monitorthe number of guestrooms committed to groups. It controls guestroombooking activity by providing the sales office with the maximum numberof guestrooms it can sell to groups on a given day. The remainingguestrooms (and any unsold guestrooms allotted to groups) are availablefor individual guests.
GUESTROOM KEY:
A key that opens a single guestroom door if it is not double-locked.
GUESTROOM MAINTENANCE:
Aform of preventive maintenance involving the inspection of a number ofitems in the guestroom, minor lubrication of doors and other equipment,repair of obvious small problems and, when needed, the initiation of awork order for more substantial problems or needs.
HALF BOTTLE:
A wine bottle that contains approximately 12.5 ounces (375 ml), usually adequate for two guests. 
HAND CADDY:
Aportable container for storing, holding, and transporting cleaningsupplies. Typically located on the top shelf of the room attendant'scart.
HOBIC (Hotel Billing Information Center):
With a HOBICsystem, long-distance calls dialed by guests are intercepted by a localoperator who records the guest's room number and completes the call.The cost of the call is then transmitted back to the hotel and recordedvia a HOBIC teleprinter, usually located near the front desk. Theappropriate charges are posted to the guest's folio, and the guest isbilled at check-out.
HOPPING:
The addition of hops to the wort during the brewing process.
HOSPITALITY:
The cordial and generous reception of guests. Derived from the Latin term hospes, "a guest."
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY:
Lodging and food service businesses that provide short-term or transitional lodging and/or food.
HOSPITALITY SUITE:
A room used for entertaining (e.g., a cocktail party); usually a function room or parlor.
HOTEL:
A large lodging facility, generally a hotel is full service and a multi-story building with interior entrance guest rooms.
HOTEL CHAIN:
A group of affiliated hotels.
HOTEL GUEST CYCLE:
Thesequence of phases that begins with pre-sale events, continues throughpoint-of-sale activities, and concludes with post-sale transactions.The phases identify the physical contacts and financial exchanges thatoccur between guests and various revenue centers within a lodgingoperation.
HOTEL MANAGEMENT COMPANY:
A company that is hired to professionally manage a hotel(s) for other owners.
HOTEL REPRESENTATIVE:
Anindividual who offers hotel reservations to wholesalers, travel agents,and the public. A hotel representative or "rep" may be paid by thehotels he or she represents on a fee basis or by commission. Many hotelreps also offer marketing and other services.
HOUSE BRAND:
Beverage brand served when the guest does not request a specific brand.
HOUSE COMMITTEE:
Aprivate club committee made up of members whose job it is to monitorthe maintenance and operation of the clubhouse and its services.
HOUSE LIMIT:
A guest credit limit predetermined by management officials.
HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT:
A department of the rooms division, responsible for cleaning the hotel's guestrooms and public areas.
ICE BIN:
A container located in the underbar with readily available ice for making drinks. 
ICE MACHINE:
An appliance that makes cubed, crushed, or flaked ice automatically. 
INCENTIVE TRAVEL:
Travel financed by a business as an employee incentive. 
INCIDENTAL CHARGES:
Guest charges on a folio or bill for items other than room and tax such as; food, beverage, phone, movies, etc.
INCLUSIVE TOUR:
Atour in which specific elements--air fare, hotels, transfers, etc.--areincluded for a flat rate. An inclusive tour rate does not necessarilycover all costs. 
INDEPENDENT FOOD SERVICE OPERATION:
Anoperation owned by an owner or owners with one or more propertieshaving no chain relationship. Menus, food purchase specifications,operating procedures, etc. may differ among the owned properties. 
INDEPENDENT HOTEL:
A hotel with no chain or franchise affiliation. It may be owned by an individual proprietor or a group of investors.
INDIRECTLY FIRED WATER HEATER:
A water heater in which steam enters a coil or heat exchanger that transfers heat from the steam to the water.
INFECTION:
A foodborne disease caused by bacteria or viruses that reproduce inside the body after being ingested.
INFRARED OVEN:
An oven that uses infrared electromagnetic waves to cook food quickly at very high temperatures. Also called a quartz oven. 
IN-ROOM BEVERAGE SERVICE SYSTEM:
Acomputer-based system capable of monitoring sales transactions anddetermining inventory replenishment quantities. Two popular in-roombeverage service systems are non-automated honor bars andmicroprocessor-based vending machines. 
IN-ROOM CHECK-OUT:
Acomputer-based check-out procedure that provides guests with a way toaccess and review their folio data and approve and settle theiraccounts in their rooms. The technology involves interfacing theguestroom telephone, the television, and an in-room computer with theproperty management system's guest accounting module. 
IN-ROOM GUEST CONSOLE:
Amulti-feature phone that may include such functions as two-wayspeakerphone capability; a jack for portable computer use; an alarmclock; radio; remote control of heating, ventilating, and airconditioning, television, and room lights; energy management; and atheft alarm.  
IN-ROOM MOVIE SYSTEM:
Guestroom entertainmentprovided through a dedicated television pay channel. Charges for theuse of this in-room entertainment are posted to the appropriate guestfolio. 
INN:
A smaller lodging facility, generally an inn is limited service and one to three stories.
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM:
Travel people make outside their country of residence. 
INTOXICATION:
(1)Although the legal definition varies from state to state, in manystates intoxication is defined as a blood-alcohol concentration (BAC)of .10 gram or higher of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood.
(2)In sanitation management, a foodborne disease that results from theingestion of poisonous plants or animals or of toxin-contaminatedfood.  
IRISH WHISKEY:
Distinctive whiskey of Ireland madeprincipally from barley, both malted and unmalted, together with oats,wheat, and sometimes a small proportion of rye. 
IRONER:
A machine that uses rollers to iron linens, giving them a crisp, finished look. Some ironers also fold and stack linens. 
JACQUARD:
Sculpted terry or velvet fabric. 
JAMAICA RUM:
Full-bodied rum, with a heavy rum flavor, pungent bouquet, rich golden hue, and dark color; distilled in pot stills.
JIGGER:
Double-ended measuring devices typically made of stainless steel. Each end of thejigger holds a different amount (for example, three-fourths of an ounceand either an ounce or an ounce and a half).
KAPOK:
Natural plant fiber used to stuff solid mattresses. 
KCAL (Kilocalorie):
One thousand calories; a unit of heat measurement, or of the energy-producing value of food when eaten and digested.
KING BED:
A bed approximately 78 inches by 80 inches.
KIRSCHWASSER (Kirsch):
Fruit brandy distilled from cherries; smooth, mellow, with the subtle fragrance of cherries.
KRAUSENING:
A method of adding carbon dioxide by putting the brew through a second fermentation in a pressurized tank.
KROC, RAY (1902-1984):
Founder of McDonald's. The success of McDonald's is due in large part to Kroc'semphasis on quality, service, cleanliness, and value.
LAGER:
Bottom-fermented brew. 
LAGERING:
Aprocess of bottom fermentation during which the yeast works slowly atthe requisite low temperatures. The slow pace results in fewercongeners and a more mellow product. The term is derived from theGerman Lagerbier meaning "beer to be stored." After fermentation, thebrew is stored at cold temperatures.
LANAI:
A guestroom with a balcony or patio, overlooking water or a garden.
LANDMARK:
Distinguishingfeature that stands out and provides a reference point for orientation.Landmarks also provide travelers with information about direction anddistance.
LATE ARRIVAL:
A guest holding a reservation who plansto arrive after the property's designated cancellation hour and sonotifies the property.
LATE CHARGE:
Charged purchase made by a guest that is posted to the guest's folio after the guest has settled his or her account.
LATE CHECK-OUT:
A guest who is being allowed to check out later than the property's standard check-out time.
LATEX MATTRESS:
Mattress made of whipped synthetic rubber. A foam rubber mattress is a latex mattress.
LEACHING:
The loss of cementing constituents from concrete caused by the migration of water through cracks in the slab.
LIMITED-MENU RESTAURANT:
Arestaurant with a small selection of food and limited services.Limited-menu restaurants emphasize speed of preparation and delivery,making convenience one of the main reasons for their appeal.
LIMITED SERVICE HOTEL:
Alodging facility that offers no or very few amenities, services orextra facilities such as restaurants, pools, meeting rooms, etc.Generally an inn or motel is limited service.
LINEN ROOM:
Area ina hospitality operation that is often considered the headquarters ofthe housekeeping department. This is the area where the housekeepingemployee typically reports to work, receives room assignments, roomstatus reports, and keys; assembles and organizes cleaning supplies;and checks out at the end of his or her shift.
LIQUEUR:
A flavored, usually sweet alcoholic beverage with an alcohol content higher than fortified wine, but lower than most liquors.
LIQUOR:
Unsweetened, high-alcohol-content beverages such as gin, vodka, rum, and the various whiskeys, including scotch.
LONG-TERM STAY/RELOCATION GUESTS:
Those individuals or families relocating to an area who require lodging until permanent housing can be found.
LUNCHEON:
A light noonday meal.
LODGE:
Alodging facility that is generally small and often designed in locatedin a rustic outdoors environemnt or activities such as; fishing,skiing, boating, eco-tours. 
LODGING FACILITY:
A business that rents guestrooms to the public on a nightly or shorter term range of dates, i.e. weekly, month to month.
LODGING INDUSTRY:
Lodging and food service businesses that provide short-term or transitional lodging.
LUXURY HOTEL:
A hotel with high room rates that features exceptional service and amenities. 
LUXURY RESTAURANT:
A restaurant that
(a) features fine dining--an exciting menu, not necessarily French or haute cuisine; and
(b)employs well-trained, creative chefs and skilled food servers. Luxuryrestaurants are generally small and independently operated, with moreemployees per guest than other types of restaurants.
MALT:
Any grain that has been sprouted and then dried to prevent further development; used in brewing and distilling. 
MALT BEVERAGE:
Accordingto the U.S. government, "a beverage containing 0.5% or more of alcohol,brewed or produced from malt, wholly or in part, or from any substancethereof." Beers, ales, stouts, and porters are part of the maltbeverage group.
MALT LIQUOR:
A brew made (or that should be made)from straight malt with no adjuncts; it has a more pronounced maltflavor, is slightly darker than regular beer, and usually has a higheralcohol content, ranging from 3.2% to 8% by weight.
MALT WHISKEY:
Likestraight malt whiskey except for age. When the label says only "maltwhiskey," the whiskey may have an age of up to two years. Straight maltwhiskey will be a minimum of two years old.
MALTOSE:
A fermentable sugar produced by conversion of the starch of sprouting barley grains by malt enzymes, principally diastase.
MARINADE:
Aseasoned liquid, usually containing vegetable or olive oil and an acidsuch as wine, vinegar, or fruit juice. Herbs, spices, or vegetables areoften added for flavoring.
MASHING:
The process of grindingbarley malt into a grist along with adjuncts and heated water, cookingthe grist, then filtering out any grain residue to produce a clear,warm, sugary fluid called wort.
MASS TOURISM:
Wide-scale travelby a large number of people--not just the elite--brought about by theincrease in leisure time, discretionary income, and reliable andinexpensive modes of transportation such as the automobile and airplane.
MASS TOURISTS:
Travelers participating in wide-scale travel designed for large numbers of people.
MASTER FOLIO:
A bill that all charges for the members of a group are posted to..
MATURING:
(1) Aging wine in the bottle; it is usually associated with complex, full-bodied reds such as a good red Bordeaux or Burgundy.
(2) The aging of whiskey in charred oak barrels to develop its characteristic taste, color, and aroma.
MEGA RESTAURANT:
A large restaurant, usually characterized by elaborate or unusual decor, that enjoys a high level of patronage.
MENU BOARD:
Akeyboard overlay for an ECR/POS system terminal that identifies thefunction performed by each key during a specific meal period.
MID-PRICE/EXTENDED-STAY HOTELS:
Hotel that caters mostly to persons who must be in an area for a week or longer.The guestrooms of mid-price/extended-stay hotels have more living spacethan regular hotel guestrooms, and may also have cooking facilities.Guestrooms in these hotels tend to be less expensive than guestrooms infull-service or all-suite hotels.
MID-RANGE SERVICE:
A modest butsufficient level of service that appeals to the largest segment of thetraveling public. A mid-range property may offer uniformed service,airport limousine service, and food and beverage room service; aspecialty restaurant, coffee shop, and lounge; and special rates forcertain guests.
MILDEW:
An odorous fungus growth that can occur on bathroom surfaces, especially on tile grout, shower curtains, doors, and walls.
MINI-BAR:
Asmall, under-the-table unit that can be stocked with liquor, beer, andwine, usually located within a hotel room for the convenience of guests.
MINI-DRINK:
A drink with the appearance of a regular drink, but about a fourth of the alcohol.
MISE EN BOUTEILLE A LA PROPRIETE:
Literally,"bottled by the owner (of the vineyard)." A term sometimes found on thelabel of French wines. Used by vine growers who bottle their own wines.It also indicates the origin of the grapes used to make the wine.
MISE EN BOUTEILLE AU DOMAINE:
Literally,"bottled at the place (or residence)." A term often found on the labelsof French wines. Used by vine growers who bottle their own wines. Italso indicates the origin of the grapes used to make the wine. 
MIXER:
Anappliance used to knead, whip, emulsify, slice, mix, beat, grind, orchop different types of solid food, solid food and liquid(s), or two ormore different liquids. Typically, the motor is above the bowl, withthe attachments hanging from the motor. Commonly known as a blender.
MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN:
A room rate that includes one or two meals usually breakfast and dinner. 
MOIST-HEAT COOKING:
Cooking methods that require water or another liquid.
MOTEL:
Asmaller lodging facility, generally a motel is limited service and oneto two stories with exterior entrance rooms that guest can drive up to.Often referred to as motor hotel.
MULTIPLE GUEST SPLITS:
Charges that are to be divided among a group of guests.
MUSLIN:
Cotton fabric made of carded cotton.
MUST:
The juice and often other parts of the grape produced by crushing and pressing the grapes; the must then undergoes fermentation.
NAPERY:
Table linens.  
NATURAL WINE:
Basically theproduct of grape fermentation without the addition of alcohol, sugar(beyond a small amount allowed for certain wines under specifiedconditions), or other additives except a small amount of sulfur.Natural fermentation stops when there is no more sugar to convert toalcohol or when the alcohol reaches 14% by volume.
NEUTRAL SPIRIT:
Analcoholic spirit purified in the still to a minimum of 95% of absolutealcoholic purity. At that point, the spirit is considered to have noimportant taste and little body. Although neutral spirits may bedistilled from many materials, they are almost always distilled fromfermented grain mashes. Neutral spirits are used to make blendedwhiskey. In original distillation, or redistillation, over juniperberries and other aromatics, neutral spirits become dry gin. Filteredthrough charcoal, neutral spirits become vodka. Neutral spirits arealso the base for many cordials and liqueurs.
NEW ENGLAND RUM:
Full-bodiedrum produced in the United States from molasses shipped from the WestIndies; distilled at less than 160 U.S. proof; also a straight rum.
NON-PERISHABLE FOOD:
Foodproduct that resists spoilage unless it is improperly handled andstored; for example, dry grocery items such as sugar, flour, spices,and dry beans.
OCCUPANCY REPORT:
A report prepared each nightby a front desk agent that lists rooms occupied that night and alsolists those guests expected to check out the following day. 
OCCUPIED:
A room status term indicating that a guest is currently registered to the room.
ON THE ROCKS:
Term that refers to a drink served in a glass with ice in it.
ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM:
Aninternet based system used by hotels that allows prospective hotelguests to check availability and make reservations at the hotel.
OPTICAL BRIGHTENER:
See Fabric Brightener.
OUT-OF-ORDER:
Aroom status term indicating that a room cannot be assigned to a guest.A room may be out-of-order for maintenance, refurbishing, deepcleaning, or other reasons.
OUTSIDE AIR:
Air taken from outside the building envelope and not previously heated or cooled by the building's mechanical systems.
BACK:
Any beverage a guest orders that is to be served in a separate glass along with his or her drink. See Water (Soda) Back.
BACK OF THE HOUSE:
The functional areas of a hotel or restaurant in which employees have little or no direct guest contact, such as kitchen areas, engineering and maintenance, and the accounting department.
BACKBAR:
That part of the back wall of a bar that is used for storage--which may include refrigerated storage--and display, which may consist of mirrors, photographs, or memorabilia. Compare Underbar.
BACKUP DRINKS:
Two drinks purchased at one time by or for one guest.
BANQUET:
A meal prepared for a particular group, for which the number of guests and the menu are predetermined. Most properties offering banquet service have special facilities for banquet food production and service.
BANQUET CONTRACT:
See Banquet Event Order (BEO).
BANQUET EVENT ORDER (BEO):
Also called a banquet function sheet or banquet prospectus, the BEO acts as a contract for the client and serves as a work order for the catering department. The form confirms final banquet arrangements--time and place of function, menu, service notes, gratuity, payment, and guarantee clauses.
BANQUET MENU:
A table d'hôte menu--a set meal with few, if any, choices. Banquet meals tend to be elaborate.
BANQUETTES:
Benches, usually upholstered, that are built in along a wall.
BAR:
That area of a beverage operation in which drinks are prepared and from which drinks are sold.
BAR AND BEVERAGE OPERATIONS:
A term that includes all possible combinations of establishments serving alcoholic beverages. Typical examples are bars and lounges.
BAR MENU:
The primary types of beverages that a beverage operation is prepared to serve, including draft and/or bottled beers, wine, mixed drinks, and specialty drinks. The bar menu usually includes the projected drink preferences of the operation's target markets.
BAR PAR:
The amount established for each type of beverage to be stored in the backbar. This amount is generally based on expected consumption. See also Par.
BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION:
An approach to keeping rodents and insects out of a food establishment, requiring all materials that serve as food or shelter for pests to be made pest-resistant or removed from the facility and its immediate vicinity.
BATH BLANKETS:
Extra-large bath towels. Also called bath sheets.
BAY:
The principal compartment, generally of a suite, that is the space equivalent of a standard guestroom. A suite may have a single-bay or multiple-bay living room.
BEAUJOLAIS NOUVEAU:
A Beaujolais wine that is notable for being rushed to market within a few months of harvest; it is a fruity, refreshing wine, popular throughout the world for the few months in which it is sold each year. Also called Beaujolais Primeur.
BED & BREAKFAST (B&B):
A small inn or lodge that provides a room and a breakfast. Often a B&B is in a residential home setting and/or a historic building converted to a quaint lodging facility.
BEER-CLEAN GLASS:
A clean glass that is completely free of invisible grease and detergent residue, substances that can cause beer to lose its foam too quickly. A glass that looks clean may not be clean enough for beer.
BILLBOARD:
A large panel designed to carry outdoor advertising.
BILLED-TO-ROOM CALL:
An operator-assisted call that allows guests to have an operator place their calls and then advise the hotel of the charges.
BILLING CLERK:
The person responsible for charging to hotel guests all vouchers representing food, beverages, room service, and merchandise purchases.
BITTERS:
A type of spirit, bitters are usually made from roots, spices, bark, berries, fruit, or herbs steeped in or distilled with a neutral spirit. They are used primarily as cocktail ingredients and have a highly flavorful, aromatic, bitter taste. Well-known names among bitters are Angostura, Abbot's, Peychaud's, and Orange.
BLANC DE BLANCS:
Literally, "white from whites," it means a white wine, usually Champagne, made solely from white grapes--Chardonnay grapes, in particular.
BLANC DE NOIR:
Literally, "white from black," it means a white wine, usually Champagne, made from black (or red) grapes which are fermented with the skins removed.
BLANCHING:
The process of exposing a food product to either steam or hot water for a short time, setting the color of green vegetables and rendering enzymes inactive. Blanching destroys some microorganisms.
BLEACH:
A chemical used in laundry operations to remove stains, kill bacteria, and whiten fabrics. There are two kinds of bleaches: chlorine and oxygen. Chlorine bleach can be used with any washable, natural, colorfast fiber. Oxygen bleach is milder than chlorine bleach and is generally safe for most washable fabrics. Oxygen bleach should never be used with chlorine bleach as the two will neutralize each other.
BLENDED WHISKEY:
A light-bodied, soft whiskey, mild in flavor and aroma, made as a mixture or blend of neutral spirits and straight whiskey. By U.S. law, this whiskey must contain a minimum of 20% by volume of 100 proof straight whiskey.
BLENDING:
(1) In wine making, the use of different grape varieties in making one wine or (more commonly) the practice of blending different wines (wines from different years or with different taste characteristics) to create one brand of wine.
(2) In whiskey production, the process of mixing different batches of new whiskey distillates together to achieve a balanced product that is usually better than any of its parts. Blending sometimes involves mixing different types of whiskeys, and sometimes mixing whiskeys of the same type that differ in age or character.
BOCK:
A German beer that is darker, richer, somewhat sweeter than regular 3.2% beer and contains more alcohol.
BODY:
(1) Referring to wines, the degree of consistency, texture, firmness, or viscosity of a wine.
(2) Referring to spirits, an indication of the amount of aroma and flavor a spirit possesses. Thus, a heavy-bodied whiskey is one having full flavor and aroma while a bodied whiskey has less flavor and aroma.
BOOKING ENGINE:
An online system used by hotels that allows prospective hotel guests to check availability and make reservations at the hotel.
BOURBON:
A whiskey produced from a grain mixture containing at least 51% corn. Although different bourbons use different grain formulas, the usual ratio is 60% corn, 28% rye, and 12% barley malt.
BRANDY:
Any distilled spirit made from fruit or fruit derivatives qualifies as a brandy. However, only a spirit distilled from grapes can be called just "brandy"; if distilled from other fruit, the type of fruit must precede the word "brandy" (as in "pear brandy").
BREWING:
A process that consists of putting the wort in huge brew kettles, adding hops, boiling the mixture to sterilize the wort and extract the flavor of the hops, draining off the remaining hops, and cooling the mixture down according to the type of brew desired.
BUFFET:
An assortment of foods offered on a table in self-service fashion.
BUFFET SERVICE:
Hot and cold foods attractively arranged on platters are placed on large serving tables and guests walk up to help themselves. Sometimes each course is placed on a separate table. Service personnel, such as carvers, may be required to assist guests.
BUILD METHOD:
In bartending, a method of preparing drinks in which ingredients are poured into the glass in which the drink will be served. See also Pousse-Café.
BUSINESS MIX:
A hotel's desired blend of business from various segments such as business transient, corporate group, leisure, and convention.
BUSINESS NECESSITY:
A legal reason for choosing one employee over another, as defined by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Also a limited and narrow defense for charges of discrimination brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. To succeed, the employer must show that the discriminatory act is essential to the conduct of its business. To date, most of the acceptable cases have involved job-related safety issues such as special training or experience for airline pilots, bus drivers, and so on. See also Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ).
CABANA:
A guestroom adjacent to the pool area, with or without sleeping facilities.
CAFETERIA:
A food service operation in which guests pass through serving lines and help themselves to food items or receive food items from service staff.
CALL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM:
A system that is part of the telephone equipment that prices telphone calls made by hotel guests and sends the information to the property management system (PMS) for billing.
CALL BRAND:
In beverage operations, a specific brand that guests request by name when they place an order. For instance, guests may request a "Beefeater martini" rather than simply "a martini." Compare Well Brand.
CALL DRINK:
A drink made from a call brand.
CALLING CARD:
A credit card for making telephone calls; issued by either the local phone company or a long-distance company.
CALLING CARD CALL:
A call typically billed to a code number on a calling card issued by either the local phone company or a long-distance company, usually with a per-call surcharge.
CANADIAN WHISKY:
Distinctive whisky of Canada, characteristically light, mild, and delicate. It is distilled from mashes of corn, rye, and malted barley, much like those used by American distillers, and is usually aged in used or re-charred white-oak barrels. Most Canadian whiskies are blended whiskies, combining heavy- and light-bodied whiskies.
CANCELLATION:
A reservation voided by a guest.
CANCELLATION HOUR:
A specific time after which a property may release for sale all unclaimed non-guaranteed reservations, according to property policy.
CANCELLATION NUMBER:
A number issued to a guest who properly cancels a reservation, proving that a cancellation was received and acted upon..
CARD KEY:
A plastic card, resembling a credit card, used in place of a metal key to open a guestroom door. Card keys require electronic locks.
CART SERVICE:
A variation of table service used by servers for preparing menu items beside the guest's table in the dining room. Menu items are cooked, and sometimes flambéed, in front of the guest.
CASH BAR:
(1) A beverage setup at a special function (such as a banquet) where each guest pays for each drink as it is ordered.
(2) A private room bar setup where guests pay for drinks individually; also known as a "C.O.D. bar" or "à la carte bar."
CASINO HOTEL:
A hotel that features legal gambling, with the hotel operation subordinate to the gambling operation.
CATERING MANAGER:
A hotel manager who promotes and sells a hotel's banquet facilities and uses his or her expertise to plan, organize, and execute hotel banquets.
CENTER CITY HOTEL:
Full-service hotel located in a downtown area.
CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM:
A system in which heat is supplied to areas of a building from a central unit through a network of ducts or pipes.
CENTRAL RESERVATION OFFICE:
Part of an affiliate reservation network. A central reservation office typically deals directly with the public, advertises a central (usually toll-free) telephone number, provides participating properties with necessary communications equipment, and bills properties for handling their reservations.
CENTRAL RESERVATION SYSTEM:
An external reservation network. See also Affiliate Reservation System and Non-Affiliate Reservation System.
CHAIN OPERATING COMPANY:
A firm that operates several properties, such as Holiday Inn Worldwide or Hilton Hotels Corporation. Such an operator provides both a trademark and a reservation system as an integral part of the management of its managed properties.
CHAIN RESTAURANT:
A restaurant that is part of a multi-unit organization. Chain restaurants often share the same menu, purchase supplies and equipment cooperatively, and follow operating procedures that have been standardized for every restaurant in the chain.
CHAINING RECIPES:
Including sub-recipes as ingredients for a particular standard recipe. A particular menu item that includes a number of sub-recipes can thus be maintained as a single record in the food service computer system.
CHAMPAGNE METHOD:
The traditional method of making champagne (French méthode champenoise) in which the second fermentation takes place in the bottle in which the champagne is sold. It is a laborious and exacting process, which accounts for the high price of the best champagne.
CHAPTALIZATION:
Adding sugar to the must before fermentation, a process often necessary when weather conditions prevent grapes from ripening fully and developing enough natural sugar to convert into the amount of alcohol prescribed (often by law) for certain wines.
CHARBROILER:
A kitchen appliance with a bed that radiates heat produced by burners just below the bed; a grate above the bed holds the food. It gives food an appearance and a flavor similar to that achieved with a charcoal fire.
CHARMAT (Bulk) PROCESS:
A much less expensive process than the traditional method of making champagne and other sparkling wines. The second fermentation takes place in a vat and the wine is later filtered and bottled under pressure.
CHARTER:
To hire the exclusive use of any aircraft, vessel, or other vehicle.
CHECK-IN:
The procedures for a guest's arrival and registration.
CHECK-OUT:
(1) The procedures for a guest's departure and the settling of his or her account.
(2) A room status term indicating that the guest has settled his or her account, returned the room keys, and left the property.
CHEF DE PARTIE:
The chef in charge of a particular food production area in the kitchen.
CHEF DU RANG:
In French service, the employee responsible for taking orders, serving drinks, preparing food at the table, and collecting sales income. If there is no sommelier or wine steward, the chef du rang may serve wine.
CHILDREN'S MENU:
A menu for children featuring simple, nutritious food served in small portions. Children's menus are usually designed to entertain the child; they may fold into hats or masks, be shaped like animals, or have word games, stories, or mazes printed on them.
CHINA, GLASSWARE, SILVER, AND LINEN:
A property, plant, and equipment asset account unique to hospitality firms.
CLASS A FIRES:
The burning of ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, and cloth; can be extinguished by the cooling action of water-based or general purpose chemicals.
CLASS B FIRES:
Fires involving flammable liquids such as grease, gasoline, paints, and other oils; can be extinguished by eliminating the air supply and smothering the fire, not by using water.
CLASS C FIRES:
Electrical fires, usually involving motors, switches, and wiring; can be extinguished with chemicals that do not conduct electricity, never with water.
CLUB MANAGER:
The hired professional responsible for guiding all of the elements of a private club's operation.
COFFEE MAKER:
An automatic or semi-automatic machine that makes coffee and dispenses it into a coffee pot or into individual cups.
COGNAC:
Superb brandy of France, with great aroma and the bouquet of grapes. It is produced in a legally delineated 150,000-acre area surrounding the ancient city of Cognac in the departments of Charente and Charente-Maritime in the southwest region of France. Under French law, only brandy distilled from wine made from grapes grown within this district may be called Cognac.
COMMERCIAL AGENCY:
A travel agency that specializes in commercial business and usually has little or no walk-in clientele.
COMMERCIAL FOOD SERVICE OPERATION:
An operation that sells food and beverages for profit. Independent, chain, and franchise properties are all commercial food service operations.
COMMERCIAL HOTEL:
A property, usually located in a downtown or business district, that caters primarily to business clients. Also called a transient hotel.
COMMERCIAL TRAVEL:
Travel for business purposes, not for pleasure.
COMMIS DU RANG:
In French service, the employee who assists the chef du rang. He or she may take food orders to the kitchen, pick up the food when it is ready, and take it to the cart at tableside for further preparation. A commis du rang may also deliver drink orders and serve food to guests.
COMMISSARY:
(1) A central food production area from which food is transported to individual outlets for final preparation and service.
(2) A centralized servicing area for mobile food service units.
COMPLIMENTARY OCCUPANCY PERCENTAGE:
A ratio that shows the percentage of occupied rooms that are complimentary and generate no revenue; calculated by dividing complimentary rooms for a period by total available rooms for the same period. Sometimes referred to simply as complimentary occupancy.
COMPLIMENTARY ROOM:
A complimentary or "comp" room is an occupied room for which the guest is not charged. A hotel may offer comp rooms to a group in ratio to the total number of rooms the group occupies. One comp room may be offered for each fifty rooms occupied, for example.
CONCIERGE:
An employee whose basic task is to serve as the guest's liaison with hotel and non-hotel attractions, facilities, services, and activities.
CONDOMINIUM HOTEL:
A hotel in which an investor takes title to a specific hotel room, which remains in the pool to be rented to transient guests whenever the investor is not using the room. The investor expects to receive a gain from the increase in value of the hotel over time, as well as receive ongoing income from the rental of his or her room.
CONDUCTED TOUR:
(1) A pre-arranged travel program, usually for a group, that includes escort service.
(2) A sight-seeing program, such as a city tour, conducted by a guide. Also called an escorted tour.
CONFERENCE CENTER:
A specialized hotel, usually accessible to major market areas but in less busy locations, that almost exclusively books conferences, executive meetings, and training seminars. A conference center may provide extensive leisure facilities.
CONFIRMED RESERVATION:
An oral or written statement by the supplier (a carrier, hotel, car rental company, etc.) that he or she has received and will honor a reservation. Oral confirmations have virtually no legal worth. Even written or telegraphed confirmations have specified or implied limitations. For example, a hotel is not obligated to honor a confirmed reservation if the guest arrives after 6 p.m., unless late arrival is specified. Confirmed reservations may be either guaranteed or non-guaranteed.
CONGENER:
A substance other than alcohol or water (for example, acids, glycerine, phenolics, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, fusel oil, aldehydes, and esters) which is found in wine and new spirit distillates. Congeners provide flavor and aroma and may be desirable or undesirable.
CONNECTING
ROOMS:
Two or more guestrooms with private connecting doors permitting guests access between rooms without their having to go into the corridor.

CONTINENTAL BREAKFAST:
A small morning meal that usually includes a beverage, rolls, butter, and jam or marmalade.
CONTINENTAL PLAN:
A room rate that includes continental breakfast.
CORN WHISKEY:
Like straight corn whiskey, except for age. When the label says only "corn whiskey" without the word "straight," the whiskey may have any age up to two years. Straight corn whiskey will be a minimum of two years old.
CORPORATE HOTEL CHAIN:
Hotel organization that has its own brand or brands, which may be managed by the corporate chain or by a conglomerate.
CREAM ALE:
A brew which is created by mixing ale with lagered beer, resulting in a smoother, "creamier" taste and texture.
CROUPIER:
A casino employee who collects and pays bets and conducts games at gaming tables. Also called a dealer.
CRS:
See Central Reservation System or Computer Reservation System (CRS).
CRUISE SHIPS:
Passenger ships designed for vacationers. Today's cruise ships feature a variety of activities and entertainment and can be thought of as floating resort hotels.
CRUISE-ONLY AGENCY:
A travel agency that sells only cruises.
CUISINE:
A particular style or manner of preparing or cooking food.
CURTAINS:
Window coverings made from lightweight material that allows light to filter through. Compare Draperies.
CUVÉE:
A blend of wines, sometimes from many different vintners or different years, which is then re-fermented to make Champagne.
DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
The average of the maximum and minimum temperatures of a 24-hour day.
DAIS:
At a banquet, a raised platform on which the head table is placed.
DAMPER:
A device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet, inlet, or duct.
DARK BEER:
Beer that is similar in color to bock but not as sweet; it has a rich, creamy taste. Like bock, dark beer gets its color and pronounced flavor from malt sprouts roasted at high temperatures.
DAY RATE:
A special room rate for less than an overnight stay.
DECANTER:
A glass container into which wine is carefully poured in order to separate the wine from any sediment that may have settled at the bottom of the wine bottle.
DECANTING:
The process of gently and carefully pouring the wine from the bottle into another container (a decanter), leaving the sediment behind in the bottle. The wine is then served from the decanter.
DEEP-FAT FRYER:
An appliance in which foods are cooked by immersing them in heated fat. Often referred to simply as a deep fryer.
DEGREE-DAY, COOLING:
A measure of the need for air conditioning based upon outdoor temperatures. Cooling degree-days are calculated as follows: daily mean temperature - 65°F (18.3°C) = cooling degree-days for that day.
DEGREE-DAY, HEATING:
A measure of the need for heating based upon outdoor temperatures. Heating degree-days are calculated as follows: 65°F (18.3°C) - daily mean temperature = heating degree-days for that day.
DESIGN THEME:
A theme established to ensure overall consistency in the design of interior decor.
DESSERT MENU:
A separate menu designed to remind guests of the dessert items listed on the regular menu. It may also list desserts not shown on the regular menu and include dessert specials as well. Upscale restaurants may include after-dinner wines, cordials, brandies, and liqueurs on the dessert menu.
DESSERT WINE:
A wine that is meant to be served after dinner with a dessert or as a dessert; dessert wines are often fortified. See also Fortified Wine.
DEUTSCHER SEKT:
An effervescent German wine resembling Champagne. By regulation, it must be made from German grapes.
DEVELOPER CLUB:
See Corporate Club.
DEVELOPER-OWNER:
Owner of a managed hotel who either developed and retained the property or purchased an existing hotel.
DINNER COST:
The standard food cost for items combined to form dinners or other meals that are priced and sold as one menu selection.
DIRECT FLIGHT:
A journey on which the passenger does not have to change planes. Not necessarily non-stop.
DIRECT IMPACT:
The first-round effect of tourist spending.
DIRECTOR OF SALES (DOS):
The manager of a hotel sales department.
DISHWASHING MACHINE:
An appliance that washes and rinses dishes automatically.
DISTILLER'S BEER:
The liquid distilled for spirits. See also Wort.
DOMESTIC TOURISM:
Travel within the traveler's country of residence.
DOORKNOB MENU:
A type of room service menu that a housekeeper can leave in the guestroom. A doorknob menu lists a limited number of breakfast items and times of the day that the meal can be served. Guests select what they want to eat and the time they want the food delivered, then hang the menu outside the door on the doorknob. The menus are collected and the orders are prepared and sent to the rooms at the indicated times.
DOOR-TYPE DISHWASHER:
A dishwashing machine in which a rack or racks of dishes remain stationary while heated wash and rinse water is sprayed from nozzles above and below the dishes. Also called a single-tank or stationary-rack dishwasher.
DOSAGE, LE:
In the traditional Champagne method, the final step which adds wine, sugar, and, in some cases, brandy to the Champagne.
DOUBLE:
(1) A guestroom assigned to two people.
(2) In beverage operations, a drink prepared with twice the standard measure of alcohol in one glass.
DOUBLE OCCUPANCY PERCENTAGE:
See Multiple Occupancy Percentage.
DOUBLE OCCUPANCY RATE:
A rate used for tour groups that bases the per-person charge on two to a room.
DOUBLE-LOADED SLAB:
A guestroom floor configuration in which rooms are laid out on both sides of a central corridor.
DOUBLE-LOCKED ROOM:
An occupied room for which the guest has refused housekeeping service by locking the room from the inside with a dead bolt. Double-locked rooms cannot be accessed by a room attendant using a standard passkey.
DRAPERIES:
Unlike curtains, draperies are made of heavier material and are designed to keep light out. Draperies are better than curtains in absorbing sound and keeping heat from escaping through windows.
DRINK INCENTIVE:
A sales promotion, such as two drinks for the price of one or half-priced drinks, offered during so-called happy hours.
DRINK RAIL:
A type of counter, usually placed against a wall, where guests can either sit on high stools or stand while drinking; often found in airport lounges.
DRINK SIZE:
The amount of alcohol, in fluid ounces, that is poured into each drink. It is not the size of the completed drink.
DRY-HOPPED:
A brewing process in which the hops are soaked in the brew without boiling in order to extract a lighter, less bitter flavor.
EARLY ARRIVAL:
A guest who arrives at the property before the date of his or her reservation.
EARLY MAKEUP:
A room status term indicating that the guest has reserved an early check-in time or has requested his or her room to be cleaned as soon as possible.
ECOTOURISM:
Low-impact tourism that avoids harming the natural or normal environment. In this relatively new approach to promoting enjoyment, as well as protection, of the environment, tourists seek out environmentally-sensitive travel and/or tours or vacations which, in some way, improve or add to their knowledge of an environment.
EISWEIN:
Literally, "ice wine," a rare German wine which can be made only when very ripe grapes are not harvested until late November; the grapes are allowed to freeze on the vine, then quickly harvested, rushed frozen to the presses, and pressed while frozen.
ESCOFFIER, GEORGES-AUGUSTE (1847-1935):
Chef who is considered the father of twentieth-century cookery. His two main contributions were (a) the simplification of classical cuisine and the classical menu, and (b) the reorganization of the kitchen.
ESCORT:
A person, usually employed by a tour operator, who accompanies a tour from departure to return and serves as guide, trouble-shooter, etc.
ESCORTED TOUR:
A group of travelers traveling with a guide who has travel experience and has set up an itinerary for the group.
ETHNIC MENU:
Menu featuring the cuisine of a particular nation or ethnic group, such as Chinese, Mexican, or Italian.
ETHNIC RESTAURANT:
A restaurant featuring the cuisine of a particular nation or ethnic group, such as Chinese, Mexican, or Italian.
EUROPEAN PLAN:
A room rate that does not include any meals.
EXECUTIVE FLOOR:
A floor of a hotel that offers exceptional service to business and other travelers. Also called a business floor or the tower concept.
EXECUTIVE HOUSEKEEPER:
The person in charge of a housekeeping department in a lodging property. The executive housekeeper is a member of the management team.
EXPECTED ARRIVAL/DEPARTURE REPORT:
A daily report showing the number and names of guests expected to arrive with reservations, as well as the number and names of guests expected to depart.
EXPECTED ARRIVALS LIST:
A daily report showing the number of guests and the names of guests expected to arrive with reservations.
EXPECTED DEPARTURES LIST:
A daily report showing the number of guests expected to depart, the number of stay-overs (the difference between arrivals and departures), and the names of guests associated with each transaction.
EXPEDITER:
A staff member who acts as a communication link between kitchen personnel and servers. Servers give their orders to the expediter, who calls the orders to the appropriate kitchen stations. The expediter must know cooking times, coordinate them to sequentially deliver cooked foods for pickup, and provide leadership during hectic rush periods.
FACE:
(1) The pile of a carpet.
(2) The nap of a towel.
FACE FIBERS:
Yarn forming the pile of a carpet.
OVERBOOKING:
Accepting reservations that exceed available rooms.
OVERPOURING:
Putting in more alcohol than is called for in the standard recipe.
OVERSTAY:
A guest who remains at the property after his or her stated departure date.
PACKAGE:
Aspecial offering of products and services created by a hotel toincrease sales. There are weekend packages, honeymoon packages, sportspackages, and so on. A typical package might, for a special price,include the guestroom, meals, and the use of the property'srecreational facilities.
PACKAGE TOUR:
A tour put together by atour packager or operator. Travelers who buy the package make the tripsby themselves rather than with a large group. The package offers, at aninclusive price, several travel elements which a traveler wouldotherwise purchase separately--any combination of lodging;sight-seeing; attractions; meals; entertainment; car rental; andtransportation by air, motorcoach, rail, or even private vehicle. Apackage tour may include more than one destination.
PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONING UNIT (PTAC):
Anessentially self-contained air conditioning unit, generally through thewall, in which a fuel provides heat and a refrigeration cycle providescooling.
PAID OCCUPANCY PERCENTAGE:
A ratio that indicatesmanagement's success in selling its product; calculated by dividingnumber of rooms sold by the number of available rooms.
PENINSULA BOOTH:
A setup in which two exhibit areas are placed back to back with aisles on three sides.
PERISHABLE FOOD:
Foodproduct that spoils readily without special processing or preservationtechniques. Perishable foods include most products used daily in a foodservice facility: meats, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, dairyproducts, and most fruits and vegetables.
PILSNER:
A light, rich,and mellow lager with a dry, crisp, hoppy flavor and a light color; itis made from hops grown in the area around Pilsen, Czechoslovakia.
PLATE SERVICE:
Avariation of table service; basic service style in which fully cookedmenu items are individually portioned, plated (put on plates) in thekitchen, and carried to each guest directly.
PLATTER SERVICE:
Atable service style in which servers carry platters of fully cookedfood to the dining room, present them to the guest for approval, andthen serve the food.
POINT OF SALE SYSTEM (POS):
A computerizedsystem that reatil outlets such as restaurants, gift shops, etc, enterorders and maintains various accounting information. The POS generallyinterfaces with the property management system (PMS).
PORT:
(1) In beverage operations, the famous fortified sweet wine from Portugal.
(2) In computer technology, a plug on a computer hardware device that accommodates a cable coming from another hardware device.
(3) In housekeeping, an opening into a washing machine through which detergent can be poured. Also called a hopper.
PORTE COCHERE:
A canopy designed to protect hotel guests from inclement weather and provide greater visibility to the main entrance.
PORTER:
Amalt beverage named for the English porters (servers) who first servedit; it is dark brown from the heavily roasted malt used to make it.
PORTION:
A standard quantity of food or beverage served for one person.
PORTION COST:
Thestandard food cost for an item that is sold as a single menu selection.The portion cost indicates the cost incurred by preparing one portionof the menu item according to its standard recipe.
POTABILITY:
Suitability for drinking.
POTABLE WATER:
Water that is suitable for drinking.
POUSSE-CAFE:
A drink built by very carefully floating one layer of liqueur on top of another.
PRE-MIX:
Inbeverage operations, a commercially prepared mix available forcocktails; a Bloody Mary mix, for instance, with all the tomato juiceand various spices mixed proportionally, needing only the addition ofvodka.
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PMS):
A computerized frontdesk system that manages hotel room inventory, guest billing andinterfaces with various other systems such as telephone, callaccounting, point of sale (POS), entertainment, etc.
PUBLIC BAR:
A bar where bartenders prepare alcoholic beverages for service to guests by others or by the bartenders themselves.
PUZZLE:
In menu management, an unpopular menu item with a high contribution margin.
QUAD:
A guestroom assigned to four people; may have two or more beds.
QUALITY GROUP:
The group of travelers for whom the quality of their vacation is ofparamount importance. They want and are willing to pay for first-class accommodations and service.
QUEEN:
A bed approximately 60 inches by 80 inches.
RACK OVEN:
A convection oven into which employees can roll special racks filled with trays of food. Also called a roll-in oven.
RACK RATE:
The current rate charged for each accommodation as established by the property's management.
RACKING:
Inwine production, the process of separating wine from the sediment(lees) at the bottom of a cask by pouring it into another container,leaving the lees behind.
RANGE:
A food service appliance with aflat cooking surface for frying, grilling, sautéing, etc. Two basictypes of ranges are solid-top and open-top.
RANGE OVEN:
A small conventional oven located beneath a range, used for roasting and baking or as a food warmer.
REFRESHMENT BREAK:
A period between conference or work sessions during which coffee or other refreshments are served.
REFRIGERATOR:
A chilled reach-in or walk-in storage unit used to maintain the quality of food.
REGIONAL GETAWAY GUESTS:
Guests who check into a hotel close to home in order to enjoy a weekend away from children or other responsibilities.
RESERVATIONS :
A guestroom that being held under an indivual or business' name at a particular hotel for a specific date or range of dates.
RESERVATIONS AGENT:
Anemployee, either in the front office or in a separate department, whois responsible for all aspects of reservations processing.
RESERVATIONS DEPARTMENT:
Adepartment within a hotel's rooms division staffed by skilledtelemarketing personnel who take reservations over the phone, answerquestions about facilities, quote prices and available dates, and sellto callers who are shopping around.
RESIDENT MANAGER:
The managerin charge of the rooms division in a mid-size to large hotel. Sometimesresident managers are also in charge of security.
RESORT HOTEL:
A hotel, usually located in a desirable vacation spot, that offers finedining, exceptional service, activities unavailable at most otherproperties, and many amenities.
RETAIL TRAVEL AGENT:
An individual qualified to arrange and sell transportation and other travel services and products directly to the public.
RevPAR:
Astatistic used in the hotel industry used to measure revenue peravailable room. Total hotel room revenue divided by the total roomsavailable to rent for a day or range of dates.
ROOM ATTENDANT'S CART:
Alightweight, wheeled vehicle used by room attendants for transportingcleaning supplies, linen, and equipment needed to fulfill a block ofcleaning assignments.
ROOM BLOCK:
An agreed-upon number of rooms set aside for members of a group planning to stay at a hotel.
ROOM DATA CARD:
A card used to record information concerning the basic characteristics and major elements of an individual guestroom.
ROOM INSPECTION:
A detailed process in which guestrooms are systematically checked for cleanliness and maintenance needs.

ROOM NIGHT:
One guestroom occupied for one night.
ROOM OCCUPANCY SENSOR:
Adevice that uses infrared light or ultrasonic sound waves to sense thephysical occupancy of a room. Sensors have the ability to turn ondevices and appliances such as lights, air conditioning, and heatingwhenever a guest enters a space, and to turn these devices andappliances off when the guest leaves.
ROOM RACK:
A card indexsystem that is constantly updated to reflect occupied and vacant rooms.In the evening, the room rack contains forms for only those registeredguests remaining for the night who are to be charged for rooms. A dailyroom report can be prepared from the room rack.
ROOM RATE:
The price a hotel charges for overnight accommodation. See also Rack Rate.
ROOM SERVICE:
Thedepartment within a food and beverage division that is responsible fordelivering food or beverages to guests in their guestrooms. May also beresponsible for preparing the food and beverages.
ROOM SERVICE MENU:
Amenu offered by lodging properties that serve food to guests in theguestroom, suite, cabin, etc. Room service menus usually offer alimited number of items because it is difficult to maintain foodquality while transporting the food to the guest.
ROOM STATUS:
Informationabout current and future availability of guestrooms in a lodgingproperty. Current availability is determined through housekeeping data.Future availability is determined through reservations data.Information about availability data which extends several days into thefuture is important because it may affect the length of stay ofin-house guests.
ROOM STATUS DISCREPANCY:
A situation in whichthe housekeeping department's description of a room's status differsfrom the room status information that guides the front desk employee inassigning rooms to guests. Discrepancies can seriously affect aproperty's ability to satisfy guests and maximize rooms revenue.
ROOMING LIST:
A list of the guests who will occupy reserved accommodations. This list is submitted in advance by the buyer.
ROOMS ACTIVITY FORECAST:
Informationon anticipated arrivals, departures, stay-overs, and vacancies.Managers use this forecast to determine staffing needs at the frontdesk and in housekeeping areas.
ROOMS ALLOTMENT REPORT:
A report that summarizes rooms committed (booked or blocked), by future date.
ROOMS AVAILABILITY REPORT:
A report that lists, by room type, the number of available rooms each day (net remaining rooms in each category).
ROOMS CHECKLIST:
Alist, used for guestroom (preventive) maintenance, of all the items inthe guestroom with a brief notation opposite each item of the type ofinspection, repair, lubrication, adjustments, or cleaning activity tobe performed.
ROOMS DISCREPANCY REPORT:
A report that notes anyvariances between front desk and housekeeping room status updates. Itoften alerts management to investigate the possibility of sleepers. SeeSleeper.
ROOMS DIVISION:
The largest, and usually mostprofitable, division in a hotel. It typically consists of fourdepartments: front office, reservations, housekeeping, and uniformedservice.
ROOMS HISTORY REPORT:
A computer-based report thatdepicts the revenue history and use of each room by room type. Thisreport is especially useful to those properties employing an automaticroom assignment function.
ROOMS MANAGEMENT MODULE:
A front officeapplication of a computer-based property management system. The module(a) maintains up-to-date information on the status of rooms, (b)assists in the assignment of rooms during registration, and (c) helpscoordinate various guest services.
ROOMS PRODUCTIVITY REPORT:
A report that ranks room types by percentage of occupancy and/or by percentage of total rooms revenue.
ROOMS STATUS REPORT:
Areport that indicates the current status of rooms according tohousekeeping designations, such as: on-makeup, on-change, out-of-order,clean, and ready for inspection.
ROP COLOR:
In newspaperadvertising, color used in regular sections of the paper and printed onstandard newsprint. See also Run-of-Paper (ROP).
ROTARY OVEN:
A mechanical oven with circular shelves that move trays of food in a circle around a central axis within the heat chamber.
ROTISSERIE BROILER:
A cooking appliance that holds the food being broiled on a spit that rotates, exposing all sides to the broiler's burners.
RUM:
Afamily of liquors distilled from the fermented juice of sugar cane ormolasses. Rum is produced in virtually all of the varioussugar-producing countries and in New England (from West Indiesmolasses). Differences in rums are a result of differences in theclimate and the soil in which the sugar cane grows, and in the methodsused in distillation.
RYE WHISKEY:
A whiskey produced from a grain mixture containing at least 51% rye.
RYOKAN:
Traditional Japanese lodging facilities featuring tatami mat floors and Japanese landscaped gardens.
SATIN WEAVE:
Type of weave in which warp threads interlace with filling threads to produce a smooth-faced fabric.
SCIENCE TOURISM:
Asubgroup of ecotourism in which laypersons travel with scientists andstudents to help with scientific work at various sites throughout theworld. Science tourists often work very hard (even though they arepaying for the vacation) and make a contribution to a body ofscientific knowledge.
SCOTCH:
A distinctive spirit fromScotland with at least 80 proof alcohol content, manufactured incompliance with British laws; it is sold (and must be labeled) aseither "blended" or "single malt."
SEMI-PERISHABLE FOOD:
Food product that has a longer shelf life than perishable foods, but shouldbe stored under recommended time-temperature combinations; includesnuts, apples, potatoes, and waxed vegetables such as cucumbers.
SERVICE BAR:
Arelatively small bar where service bartenders prepare alcoholicbeverages for servers to present to guests. Guests typically do notorder or pick up their own beverages at service bars.
SERVICE CHARGE:
Apercentage of the bill (usually 10% to 20%) added to the guest chargefor distribution to service employees in lieu of direct tipping.
SERVICE STATION:
A small work island located in a dining room.
SERVING:
The control point in which finished menu items are transferred from the production department to guests.
SHIFT MANAGER:
The manager in charge of a casino during a period of time, usually a six- to eight-hour shift.
SIDE-BY-SIDE SUITE:
A suite that consists of two small bays, each with windows to the outside.
SIDESTAND:
A service stand that holds supplies of tableware, ice, condiments, dairy products, and some beverages for easy access.
SIDEWORK:
Setupand cleanup work that must be done before and after dining rooms areopened. Examples include restocking server supply stations, fillingsalt and pepper shakers, etc.
SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA:
Criteria used to determine which variances are significant. Generally expressed in both dollar and percentage differences.
SILENCE CLOTH:
Oilcloth or other padded material placed under the tablecloth to absorb noise.
SIMPLE SYRUP:
A syrup made simply from sugar and water; used in cold drinks instead of granulated sugar, which takes too long to dissolve.
SINGLE BED:
A bed approximately 36 inches by 75 inches.
SKIPPER:
A guest who leaves without paying.
SLEEPER:
Avacant room that is believed to be occupied because the room rack slipor registration card was not removed from the rack when the previousguest departed.
SLICER:
An appliance that has a spinning diskwith a knife-sharp edge for cutting food; the food is placed in a traywhich slides back and forth, pushing the food against the disk'sspinning edge.
SLIVOVITZ:
Fruity brandy, distilled from plums. Soft, pleasant, with mellow plum fragrance.
SLOE GIN:
Richred liqueur with delicate bouquet and tangy fruity flavor resemblingwild cherries. Generally made from a blend of sloe berries, from whichit derives its primary flavor, and other fruit flavors.
SOLID MATTRESS:
A mattress stuffed with hair, cotton, or some other material.
SOUR MASH:
Termoften used in connection with straight whiskey. Sour mash identifies aproduction process, distinguished from the "sweet mash" technique ofdistillation. The name has nothing to do with the taste of thewhiskey--sour mash whiskeys are rich and mellow.
SOUS CHEF:
An assistant chef or cook.
SPA:
Amineral spring, or a locality or resort hotel near such a spring, towhich people resorted for cures (from Spa, a watering place in easternBelgium). Today, the word spa is used more loosely to refer to anyfashionable resort locality or hotel.
SPECIALTY MENU:
A menuthat differs from the typical breakfast, lunch, or dinner menu.Specialty menus are usually designed for holidays and other specialevents or for specific guest groups. Children's, beverage, dessert, andbanquet menus are examples.
SPECIALTY RESTAURANT:
A theme restaurant that features certain types of food.
SPIRIT:
Anyalcoholic beverage containing a significant amount of distilledethanol; spirits are classified according to either their alcoholicsource or their processing method.
SPLIT:
A wine bottle that contains about six ounces (187 ml), an amount suitable for serving one person.
SPLIT SERVICE:
Afood service method in which servers deliver courses separately. Splitservice helps maintain food quality and safety because each course canbe portioned and served when it is ready, eliminating short-termholding in the kitchen.
SPUMANTE:
The Italian word for sparkling wine.
STAYOVER:
A room status term indicating that the guest is not checking out and will remain at least one more night.
STEAM BEER:
Amalt beverage brewed predominantly from malt with very little adjunct,originally made in San Francisco; it is top-fermented and receives asecond fermentation which produces a creamy foam and high carbondioxide content.
STEAM COOKER:
An appliance, such as asteam-jacketed kettle or compartment steamer, that cooks food by thedirect or indirect application of steam, resulting in a minimum ofmoisture and nutrient loss. Also called steam-cooking equipment.
STEAM TUNNEL:
Laundryequipment that moves articles on hangers through a tunnel where thearticles are steamed and dewrinkled as they are moved through.
STEAM-JACKETED KETTLE:
Asteam cooker in which steam does not come into direct contact withfood; instead, the steam is jacketed or trapped within the kettles'walls.
STERILE FILTRATION:
A process in which the fermentationof wine and beer is stopped and the product is passed through filtersfine enough to remove yeasts, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Nofurther fermentation can occur because all organisms that might causeit have been removed.
STERILIZATION:
A process that destroysvirtually all microorganisms and their spores. Heating forsterilization usually takes place in a large container which ispressurized according to the food product, its ability to withstandheat, and packaging.
STILL:
An apparatus in which distillationtakes place. There are two basic types of stills: (a) the old-fashionedpot still, which generally yields no more than 140 proof alcohol; and(b) the column or continuous still, which can be used almostcontinuously day and night and which can easily produce 190 proofalcohol in large volumes.
STIR METHOD:
A method of mixing cocktails that consists of stirring with a bar spoon for a proper mixture.
STOUT:
Similarto porter but more "stout"--that is, higher in alcohol content thanporter; it is top-fermented and has a dark color, acquired from roastedunmalted barley. See Porter.
STRAIGHT UP:
Any drink served without ice. See also Neat.
STRAIGHT WHISKEY:
Analcoholic distillate of a fermented mash of grain, identified bycharacteristic taste, body, and aroma, and bottled exactly as it comesfrom the barrel in which it has matured, except for the addition ofpure water to reduce the proof to bottle proof. By U.S. law, straightwhiskey is aged a minimum of two years in new charred oak barrels. Thedistiller may call this product straight whiskey without a grain tag,or may use the grain tag (such as straight bourbon whiskey or straightrye whiskey) when 51% or more of the grain from which the whiskey isfermented consists of that grain. Straight corn whiskey, an exception,is made from a mash containing at least 80% corn.
STUDIO:
A guestroom having one or two couches that convert into beds.
SUBBASE:
Inparking lot construction, a layer of sand, gravel, crushed stone, orother granular material that is sometimes placed between a preparedsubgrade and the surface course.
SUB-RECIPE:
Recipes that are included as ingredients within a standard recipe record.
SUBURBAN HOTEL:
Ahotel that is somewhat smaller than a downtown hotel (typically 250 to500 rooms), is usually part of a chain, and has restaurants, bars, andother amenities found at downtown hotels.
SUITE:
(1) A guestroom with a parlor area in addition to a sleeping room, and perhaps a kitchenette.
(2) Several pieces of furniture of similar design, usually sold together to outfit a complete room.
SUITE HOTEL:
A hotel whose sleeping rooms have separate bedroom and living room or parlor areas, and perhaps kitchenettes.
TABLE D'HOTE:
A full-course meal with limited choice at a fixed price.
TABLE D'HOTE MENU:
A menu that offers a complete meal for one price. Sometimes two or morecomplete meals are offered on the menu, each with its own price. Mealson table d'hôte menus are set by the menu planner and guests are givenfew, if any, choices.
TABLE LECTERN:
A raised reading desk that holds the speaker's papers and that rests on a table. Sometimes mistakenly called a table podium.
TABLE SERVICE:
Atype of service in which guests are seated at a table and waited on byfood servers. Four basic styles of table service are American, English,French, and Russian.
TABLE SKIRT:
A piece of linen that covers the sides of the table.
TABLE TOP DISPLAY:
A portable display that can be placed on top of a table.
THIRD PARTY BOOKING ENGINE:
Aninternet site that provides a booking engine where a traveler cansearch a large number of lodging facilities for availability andreserve a room. The lodging facilities are not affiliated with the siteand pays a fee for the business that the third party site generates.Examples of third party sites include; hotels.com, priceline.com.
TEQUILA:
Adistinctive Mexican liquor distilled from the fermented juice of theblue variety of the agave plant; its fermentation and distillationprocess is complex and strictly controlled by the Mexican government.
THEME PARTY:
An event at which food, entertainment, and decorations all relate to a central theme.
THEME RESTAURANT:
A restaurant distinguished by its combination of decor, atmosphere, and menu, all of which relate to a particular theme.
TOKAJI ASZU:
A famous sweet wine from Hungary. It is a blend of wines made from grapes infected by the noble rot.
TOUR:
Any pre-arranged (but not necessarily prepaid) journey to one or more places and back to the point of origin.
TOUR BROKER:
Anindividual licensed and bonded by the Interstate Commerce Commission tooperate motorcoach tours in the United States and, in some cases,Canada, as permitted by the scope of his or her license. Also known asa motorcoach broker or tour operator.
TOUR OPERATOR:
A business that puts together travel tours and sells them directly to individuals or through travel agencies.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT:
Thelong-term process of preparing for the arrival of tourists; entailsplanning, building, and managing attractions, transportation,accommodation, services, and facilities that serve the tourist.
TOURISM ENCLAVE:
Self-contained resort complex that caters to all the needs of tourists who arrive as part of a tour or other type of package.
TOURISM PLANNING:
The process of preparing for tourism development; a tool for addressing the choices associated with tourism development.
TOWER:
A guestroom floor configuration in which rooms are grouped around a central vertical core.
TRANSIENT HOTEL:
Lodging operation that caters primarily to business people; transient hotels tend to be busiest Monday through Thursday.
TRAVEL CLUB:
Atype of travel agency that charges an annual fee to its members and inreturn offers packaged vacations to members at reduced prices.
TREMONT HOUSE:
A170-room Boston hotel that opened in 1829. It was the first hotel tohave bellpersons, front desk agents, locks on guestroom doors, and freesoap for guests. It is considered the first modern American hotel.
TWIN:
A guestroom with two twin beds.
TWIN BED:
A bed approximately 39 inches by 75 inches.
TWIST:
Astrip of lemon peel twisted over a drink to flavor it with lemon oil(often followed by dropping the twisted peel into the drink).
UNDERBAR:
Theprimary working space for the bartender; it is that area of the barthat is in front of the bartender as he or she faces the guests and, asthe name would indicate, mostly (but not entirely) below the level ofthe bar itself.
UNDERSTAY:
A guest who checks out before his or her stated departure date.
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY:
Adevice equipped with a battery pack that is placed on the computer'spower line so that any fluctuation in the power coming to the computerwill trigger the battery pack to compensate for any energy deficienciesand provide the computer with a continuously stable energy source.
UPGRADE:
To move to a better accommodation or class of service.
VACANT:
A room status term indicating that the room has been cleaned and inspected, and is ready for the arriving guest.
VARIETAL WINE:
A wine produced from a single variety of grape.
VEGETABLE:
Any plant grown for an edible part other than the ovary, which is classified as fruit.
VEGETABLE FRUIT:
A vegetable (such as the tomato) technically classified as a fruit because it contains the ovary of the plant.
VENTILATION:
The process of supplying air to or removing air from an interior space.

VERTICAL CUTTER/MIXER:
Anappliance that chops, cuts, mixes, blends, stirs, grates, kneads,purees, and emulsifies food. Its blade is attached directly to theinside bottom of the mixing bowl.
VILLAGE STAY:
An alternativeform of tourism in which the tourist can experience life in a ruralplace--fishing village, farm, historic village, etc.--by staying in thehome of a resident, in a dormitory, or in some other type ofaccommodation.
VIN MOUSSEUX:
Literally, "foamy wine," the name used for sparkling wines made in France outside of the Champagne district.
VINTAGE YEAR:
The year in which the grapes for a wine were grown.
VITIS LABRUSCA:
A variety of grape vine, native to North America, that thrives in colder areas and is resistant to phylloxera.
VITREOUS CHINA:
Common material from which toilets are made.
VODKA:
Aclear, colorless, flavorless spirit made by passing highly refinedneutral spirits through charcoal, by redistillation, or by othergovernment-approved processes.
WALK-IN GUEST:
A guest who arrives at a hotel without a reservation.
WALK-IN REFRIGERATOR/FREEZER:
A large refrigerator or freezer used in high-volume kitchens for storage of perishable items.
WALKING A GUEST:
A situation in which a hotel is unable to honor a guest's reservation and helps the guest find accommodation elsewhere.
WATERPARK HOTEL:
A hotel that offers a large recreational water elements such large pools, multiple pools, slides or other water related venues.
WEDGE:
In food and beverage operations, a section of fruit, usually lime or lemon, used for garnish.
WELL DRINK:
Adrink made from an inexpensive house brand of liquor, usually kept in a"well" below the bar where customers cannot see the labels.
WHISKEY (Whisky):
Thegeneric term for a family of spirits made from grains. Scotch, Irish,American (bourbon), and Canadian whiskey are among the foremostexamples. Each type of whiskey will have unique characteristicsaccording to the grain used, fermentation process, distillation, andprocessing after distillation.
WINE:
The fermented juice of fruit, usually grapes.
WINE STEWARD:
See Sommelier.
YACHT CLUB:
A private club located near a large body of water, whose main purpose is to provide facilities such as marinas to boat owners.
YIELD MANAGEMENT:
A process orstrategy that hotel operators use to maximize their hotel room revenueby achieving the right balance between room rates and occupancy thatgenerates the most revenue.
ZERO COUPON BOND:
A bond that pays no interest and hence is sold at a discount from its face value.
0 - CALL (Zero - Call):
Atelephone call placed with an operator's assistance. Examples mayinclude calling- and credit-card calls, collect calls, and third-partycalls.
ZONE LIGHTING:
Lighting designed to facilitate traffic from one space to another.